We present experimental data providing evidence for the formation of transient ( plasma physics; processes relevant to astrophysical objects and phenomena; and novel magnetized plasma targets for magneto-inertial fusion.

/pdf/formation-of-transient-high-b-plasmas-in-a-magnetized-weakly-3u76ijnj4i.pdf

Formation of transient high-β plasmas in a magnetized, weakly collisional regime

We present experimental data providing evidence for the formation of transient ($\sim 20~\mu$s) plasmas that are simultaneously weakly magnetized (i.e., Hall magnetization parameter $\omega \tau > 1$) and dominated by thermal pressure (i.e., ratio of thermal-to-magnetic pressure $\beta > 1$). Particle collisional mean free paths are an appreciable fraction of the overall system size. These plasmas are formed via the head-on merging of two plasmas launched by magnetized coaxial guns. The ratio $\lambda_{gun}=\mu_0 I_{gun}/\psi_{gun}$ of gun current $I_{gun}$ to applied magnetic flux $\psi_{gun}$ is an experimental knob for exploring the parameter space of $\beta$ and $\omega \tau$. These experiments were conducted on the Big Red Ball at the Wisconsin Plasma Physics Laboratory. The transient formation of such plasmas can potentially open up new regimes for the laboratory study of weakly collisional, magnetized, high-$\beta$ plasma physics; processes relevant to astrophysical objects and phenomena; and novel magnetized plasma targets for magneto-inertial fusion.

/pdf/formation-of-transient-high-beta-plasmas-in-a-magnetized-3la9kc64rt.pdf

Formation of Transient High-$\beta$ Plasmas in a Magnetized, Weakly Collisional Regime

The shear flow instabilities under the presence of magnetic fields in the primordial disk can greatly facilitate the formation of density structures that serve as seeds prior to the onset of the gravitational Jeans instability. We evaluate the effects of the Parker, magnetorotational and kinematic dynamo instabilities by comparing the properties of these instabilities. We calculate the mass spectra of coagulated density structures by the above mechanism in the radial direction for an axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) torus equilibrium and power density profile models. Our local three-dimensional MHD simulation indicates that the coupling of the Parker and magnetorotational instability creates spiral arms and gas blobs in an accretion disk, reinforcing the theory and model. Such a mechanism for the early structure formation may be tested in a laboratory. The recent progress in experiments involving shear flows in rotating tokamak, field reversed configuration (FRC) and laser plasmas may become a key element to advance in nonlinear studies. 

Structure Formation Through Magnetohydrodynamical Instabilities in Primordial Disks

A magnetized coaxial plasma gun (MCPG) is utilized to generate a compact toroid (CT). An MCPG-type CT injector had been developed as a particle refueling system for C-2/C-2U field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas. To inject CTs repetitively for a long-lived plasma, the injector has been upgraded. Iron-core bias coil system has been adopted to generate stationary bias magnetic field. Typical MCPG systems use excess neutral gas to produce a breakdown; therefore, the excess gas tends to flow into the confinement vessel and cool off the edge plasma as well as the target plasma. This negative effect is more serious for repetitive CT injection so that a pre-ionization (PI) system is required to reduce initial gas amount. By injecting the initial plasma using the PI system, amount of the neutral gas for the injector can be reduced. The combination of these systems also expands operating range of the injector. By moving the iron-core bias coil, the radial magnetic field can be controlled. The PI system can easily produce breakdown; therefore, the MCPG can be operated at lower gas pressure, reduced by approximately 40 %. The optimum CT has higher velocity (>100 km/s) and ion temperature (>70 eV), increased by more than 40 %.

Performance Improvement of a Magnetized Coaxial Plasma Gun by Adopting Iron-Core Bias Coil and Pre-Ionization Systems

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Performance Improvement of a Magnetized Coaxial Plasma Gun by Adopting Iron-Core Bias Coil and Pre-Ionization Systems