The article describes the preparation of phytomineral sorbents based on montmorillonite clays modified with extracts of medicinal plants. The authors dis-cuss the results of studying the sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to phytomineral sorbents.

Определение чувствительности микроорганизмов к комплексным препаратам на основе монтмориллонит содержащих глин

A modified sorbent based on copolymer of maleic anhydride with methacrylic acid was proposed for sorption of vanadium (V) concentration. A polymer chelating sorbent with fragments of para-amino salicylic acid was used in the work. Optimal sorption conditions were determined and the dependence of sorption capacity on the acidity of the solution studied. At pH 5, the degree of sorption attains its maximum. The effect of ionic strength on vanadium sorption was studied. Studies have shown that the ionic strength up to 0.6 mol/l does not affect the sorption, after 0.6 mol/l the increase in the ionic strength at the beginning gradually, and then sharply decreases the sorption. The effect of ionic strength on vanadium sorption was studied to show that the ionic strength up to 0.6 mol/l does not affect the sorption, and after 0.6 mol/l the increase in the ionic strength at the beginning gradually, and then sharply decreases the sorption. All further experiments were carried out in the solutions with an ionic strength of 0.6. It was found that as the concentration of vanadium rises in the solution, the amount of sorbed metal increases, and at a concentration of 8.10-3 mol/l it becomes maximum (pH = 5, CV5+ = 8.10-3 mol/l, vtotal = 20 ml, msorb. = 0.03 g, SC = 243 mg/g). The isotherm of vanadium (V) sorption with the synthesized sorbent was constructed. Sorption equilibrium is achieved within 1 hour of contact between the solution and the sorbent. Further growth in the sorption time does not change sorbent’s characteristics. The sorbent extracts vanadium (V) from solutions with a recovery rate of 93%. The effect of different mineral acids (HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) of identical concentrations on vanadium (V) desorption from the sorbent was also studied. The results of the analysis showed that the maximum desorption of vanadium (V) occurs in perchlorate acid. The developed method was applied to determine the trace amounts of vanadium in oil sludge with preliminary concentration.

/pdf/determination-of-vanadium-v-trace-amounts-in-oil-sludge-3i7xz04v1c.pdf

Determination of vanadium (v) trace amounts in oil sludge after preliminary concentration with polymer sorbent

Microalgae are considered a promising source of lipids. However, the existing technologies of their extraction necessitate a massive improvement. In the course of the study optimal parameters of microwave radiation and of enzyme mixture \"Cellolux A\" and \"Protosubtilin G3x\" were experimentally selected and theoretically proved so as to allow increasing the yield of lipids 5.75 times to 23 % in comparison with the control sample (5 %). Moreover, the ratio and type of polar and non-polar solvents in the extraction stage for the maximum extraction of lipids was determined taking into account the necessity to process protein-lipid complexes.

The Effect of the Complex Processing of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris on the Intensification of the Lipid Extraction Process

Работа посвящена исследованию объектов полезных для создания технологий, удовлетворяющих требованиям строящейся экономики замкнутого цикла, основанной на широком использовании возобновляемых ресурсов, максимальной переработке вторичного сырья, имеющей в качестве одной из задач переход от ископаемого топлива к использованию возобновляемых источников энергии. Проведено исследование возможности производства эфиров жирных кислот (ЭЖК) из возобновляемого сырья растительного происхождения микроводоросли Chlorella vulgaris с использованием муниципальных сточных вод. Рассмотрены подходы к созданию технологий производства ЭЖК и перспективные пути совершенствования ключевых стадий таких производств. Показано, что муниципальные сточные воды при определенных условиях (температуре 10-32 °С, освещенности 7-14 клк) могут подвергаться очистке и одновременно служить питательной средой в процессе культивирования биомассы микроводорослей с содержанием липидов 10-18 % от сухого вещества. В зависимости от условий культивирования клетки штамма микроводорослей Chlorella vulgaris IPPAS C-2 снижают концентрацию катионов аммония, фосфат-анионов и общего микробного числа в муниципальных сточных водах на 93 – 95% (масс.), 90 – 97% (масс.) и 86 – 95%, соответственно. Проанализировано влияние технологических условий проведения процесса на скорость роста биомассы и жирнокислотный состав накапливаемых липидов. Экспериментально установлено, что триглицериды, Одиалкилмоноглицериды и жирные кислоты оказывают наибольшее ингибирующее влияние на микрофлору сточных вод. С использованием теории растворимости Ч. Хансена выбрана система полярного и неполярного растворителей, состоящая из этанола и петролейного эфира в соотношении (1:2) об., обеспечивающая эффективное проведение процесса экстракции. Получен выход эфиров жирных кислот КЭЖК =45% при проведении реакции переэтерификации с использованием этанола в соотношении с липидами 6:1 (мол.) при температуре реакции 60 °С в присутствии щелочного катализатора – гидроксида натрия (3% от массы липидов).

/pdf/on-integration-of-wastewater-treatment-technologies-and-2eluz7uku4.pdf

On integration of wastewater treatment technologies and production of renewable energy sources

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On integration of wastewater treatment technologies and production of renewable energy sources