Soil Chemical Analysis

The present study compares the demands for P of the initial nodule formation, and of the later growth and functioning of the nodulated root system in two inoculated lines of common bean (Coco blanc and BAT477). After germination and inoculation, seedlings were divided into two lots. One lot was grown under constant P supply, either 15 (low) or 250 (high) µM P, corresponding to provision of 120 and 2000 µmol P, respectively. In the second, seedlings were cultivated on the same medium supplied with 15 µM P for 24 days after germination, and then with 60 or 250 µM (total provision of P: respectively, 390 and 1530 µmol). Nodule number and biomass were significantly diminished by the low P (120 µmol) treatment, as compared with the other treatments. However, the intrinsic characteristics of the nodules (individual biomass and size, P concentration and efficiency of N fixation) did not depend on P availability. Although the bean line BAT477 was distinguished from the Coco blanc line through higher nodule number, size, biomass, and nitrogen fixation, both lines displayed analogous responses to P availability.

Effect of P on nodule formation and N fixation in bean. Agron Sustain Dev

Review on Role of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture

The concept of “organic farming” is based on a holistic view of farming systems, in which components are completely integrated into the system, such as the soil and its microbiota, climatic conditions, plants, and/or animals. The maintenance and the increase of fertility rely on the use of management practices and the application of different products from natural origins, which have the aim of providing high availability of nutrients for plant crops in agricultural soils. In this chapter, we will summarize the available information related to several inputs and practices allowed in the organic farming concept and vision, focusing on the benefits of their single or combined application. Moreover, we will introduce the latest novel applications of some of them, such as anaerobic digestion of manure, and present new alternatives, such as the use of biochar or the design of new biofertilization schemes.

Future Perspective in Organic Farming Fertilization: Management and Product

Improving soil fertility is one of the most common practices in agricultural productivity for all crops. Teff [Eragrostistef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the major indigenous cereal crop of Ethiopia, where it was originated and diversified. It is a highly demanded and a staple food grain for 60-65% of the Ethiopian people. In a country of over 80 million people, teff accounts for about 15% of all calories consumed in Ethiopia.1 More than 70-75% of Ethiopian highland soils are characterized by phosphorus deficiency.2 The deficiency is very severe in the acidic soils of the southern, southwestern and western regions. Areas Al3+ and Fe3+ high are totally incriminated with phosphorus fixation.3 Around 70% of Ethiopian vertisol have available phosphorus below 5 ppm, which is very low for supporting good teff growth and phosphorus fixation in vertisols is related more to calcium.4

/pdf/phosphate-solubilizing-yeast-isolated-and-characterized-from-2d1i1gnz0i.pdf

Phosphate solubilizing yeast isolated and characterized from teff rhizosphere soil collected from gojam; Ethiopia

Phosphorus is the second important key element after nitrogen as a nutrient in terms of quantitative plant requirement. Although phosphorus is abundant in soils (organic and inorganic forms), its availability is restricted as it occurs mostly in insoluble forms. The phosphorus content in soil is about 0.05 per cent (w/w) but only 0.1 per cent of the total phosphorus is available to plant because of poor solubility and its fixation in every type of soil. An adequate supply of phosphorus during early phase of plant development is important for laying down the primordia of plant parts. It plays significant role in root ramification, thereby imparting vitality to plant. It also helps in seed formation and in early maturation of crops. Poor availability or deficiency of phosphorus markedly reduces plant size and growth. Phosphorus accounts about 0.2 - 0.8 per cent of the plant dry weight. To satisfy crop requirements, phosphorus is usually added to soil as chemical fertilizer, however, synthesis of chemical fertilizer is highly energy intensive processes, and has long term impacts on the environment in terms of eutrophication, soil fertility depletion, carbon footprint. Moreover, plants use only a small amount of phosphorus, because about 80–90 per cent of added phosphorus is precipitated by metal–cation complexes, and rapidly fixed in soils. Such environmental concerns have led to the search for sustainable way of phosphorus nutrition of crops. In this regards phosphate–solubilizing microorganisms have been seen as best eco–friendly means for phosphorus nutrition of crop. Although, several bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacilli) and fungal strains (Aspergillus and Penicillium) have been identified as PSM. Their performance under in situ conditions is not reliable and therefore, needs to be improved by using co-inoculation techniques. This review focuses on the diversity of PSM, mechanism of P solubilization, role of various phosphatase, impact of various factors on solubilization, the present and future scenario of their use and potential for application of this knowledge in managing a sustainable agricultural system

/pdf/sustainable-way-for-enhancing-phosphorus-efficiency-in-u8qhkw2t2r.pdf

Sustainable way for enhancing phosphorus efficiency in agricultural soils through phosphate solubilizing microbes

Maximum N uptake in wheat crop was obtained with successive increase in level of fertilizer, plant population and organic manure application. The maximum N-uptake of 137.64 kg/ha was recorded at harvest with the application of highest does of nitrogen i.e., 180 kg/ha. Application of higher level of fertilizer and organic manure and higher plant population increase the P uptake. The maximum phosphorus uptake of 17.19 kg/ha were recorded at harvest with the application of 75 kg phosphorus/ha. The same way K uptake was also observed to increase with increase in level of fertilizer, plant population and organic manure application.

/pdf/effect-of-npk-uptake-at-different-growth-stages-of-wheat-29l9c1rpmb.pdf

Effect of NPK uptake at different growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for yield maximization

A field experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance of zinc in biofortified rice and their effect on yield attributes, yield and zinc concentration of rice at BAU farm, Sabour in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice during Kharif season of 2021-22. The variety used was Sabour Aaayush. The soil of the experimental plot was silt loam having pH 7.7, organic carbon 0.53%, Low in available Nitrogen (159.88 kg/ha), Phosphorus (26.94 kg P 2 O 5 /ha), Potassium (196.69 kg K 2 O/ha) and initial soil Zn-1.0 mg/kg of soil. The recommended dose of fertilizers i.e. 100-40-20 kg N- P 2 O 5 - K 2 O/ha was applied. In addition to these fertilizers 25 kg zinc sulphate was applied as basal and 0.5% zinc sulphate used as foliar spray at pre flowering and milking stage of rice. The experimental results revealed that RDF (100:40:20)+25 kg/ha zinc sulphate as basal+0.5% zinc sulphate spray as foliar application at pre flowering and milking stage was the best treatment and recorded significantly better values for yield attributes (74.74 grains per panicles,270.33 panicles per m 2 , 30.18 g test weight),higher grain yield (4.96 t/ha) and higher concentration (30.9 and 91.8 mg kg -1 grain and straw respectively) and uptake of Zn in grain (153.3 g ha -1 ) and in straw (455.2 g ha -1 ) of bio fortified rice than soil application alone and single spray of Zn and most other treatments. This study brought out that adequate soil application of Zn sulphate followed by its two foliar applications is the best approach.

/pdf/effect-of-foliar-application-of-zinc-on-biofortified-rice-1e5mvzyw.pdf

Effect of foliar application of zinc on biofortified rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Among legumes, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is the second most important grain legume, which is widely used in human nutrition. The yield potential of cultivars is one of the major factors that determine the use of vegetable pea. Currently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds is a promising treatment and is one of agronomic solutions for sustainable agriculture development. The research was based on the precise field experiment, conducted in three replicates and carried out in the experimental field. The examined inoculants were applied during sowing. The presented results of the studies on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilizers by leguminous plants indicate that the productivity of pea was positively affected by the application of microbial inoculants. The supplementation of live inoculums of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere of pea can significantly enhanced the biomass accumulation and yield (27 - 55 %) as compared to uninoculated control. The degree of influence was found to be dependent on variety and preference of genotypes for biofertilizer. A steady increase in root, shoot and leaf biomass accumulation from seedling stage to flowering was evidenced in all the three variety. The shredding of leaf biomass was highest irrespective of varieties followed by shoot biomass at pod formation stage, thereafter up to senescence the leaf and shoot biomass was static. A preference to PSB for arkel and rhizobium plus free N fixers for Azad P 1 and Azad P 3 in terms of accumulation of partitioned biomass were noticed which suggested the use of low cost biofertilizers for higher productivity in pea.

/pdf/response-of-biofertilizers-on-biomass-partitioning-pattern-ou1dhsz766.pdf

Response of biofertilizers on biomass partitioning pattern and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Among legumes, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is the second most important legume, which is widely used both in human nutrition and as fodder. Currently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds is a promising treatment and is one of agronomic solutions for sustainable agriculture. As per the objective of the research, to determine the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and different levels of nitrogen on the yield potential and growth attributes of pea, the research was conducted in Split Plot Design with 3 replications, at Research farm of RRS, Agwanpur, Saharsa. Nitrogen application had significant effect on the plant height, number of branches, root and shoot dry weight, number of nodules, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index, number of pods, as well as crude protein rate of seeds in both years. Plant height, number of pods, harvest index, number of nodules, crude protein rate and root dry weight were higher with application of 20 kg N ha ?1 while seed yield, shoot dry weight and number of branches were higher with application of 60 kg N ha ?1 , in the 2 seasons. The lowest values related to these parameters were obtained from the control treatment. Inoculation treatment had also significant effect on the all parameters investigated in both the years. The highest values regarding these parameters were obtained from inoculated plants, whereas the lowest values were obtained from the un-inoculated plants. Interactions of nitrogen and inoculation had significant effects on the all parameters investigated, except for number of nodules in 2009-2010 and crude protein rate of seeds in both years. The highest seed yield was obtained under treatment 20 kg N ha ?1 + inoculation with 1654.3 and 1625.0 kg ha ?1 in 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively.

/pdf/response-of-pea-pisum-sativum-l-to-rhizobium-inoculation-and-1egae0t0af.pdf

Response of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) to Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen application in soils of North East alluvial plains of Bihar

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