Swiftlet nest is edible bird’s nest (EBN). Edible bird’s nest contain EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) that has a role in skin cell regeneration. This research aims to find out the effect of the hydrocarbon and absorption bases on the edible bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from the physical character of each ointment.  The edible bird’s nest ointment made into two formula with hydrocarbonand absorption bases. Each ointment tested of the physical characteristics include organoleptic test, homogenity test, pH test, spreading test, sticky test, and viscosity test. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using T Independent Test. The result showed that there was affect the hydrocarbon and absorption bases to the physical characteristics of edible bird’s nest ointment include spreadability (P 0,011), sticky (P 0,020), and viscosity, but there was not affect to organoleptic, homogenity and pH of edible white bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus).

https://jurnal.akfarsam.ac.id/index.php/jim_akfarsam/article/download/194/125

PENGARUH BASIS SALEP HIDROKARBON DAN BASIS SALEP SERAP TERHADAP FORMULASI SALEP SARANG BURUNG WALET PUTIH (Aerodramus fuciphagus)

Edible bird's nest ( Aedrodramus fuchipagus ) contains EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and sialic acid which is useful in wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of edible bird's nest on the injured Alloxan-induced rats to form optimal ointment formulation of edible bird's nest ( Aedrodramus fuchipagus ) which can heal wounds. The method used in this research is experimental using 25 Sprague Dawley rats divided into 5 groups in which each group consists of 5 rats; Group I was the control group (Vaseline + Betadine®), Group II, III, and IV were the group of EBN + Betadine® with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%; and Group V was of the Sanoskin Meladerm® (SM) + Betadine® group. The rats were modeled for diabetes by inducing Alloxan (150mg/kgBW/i.p) and exposed with DM when the blood sugar level was > 200 mg/dL. The back skins were sliced as long as 2 cm and 2 mm depth and were given treatment according to the group, 1 x daily for 10 days. Parameters that were noticed were length wound, length of the dry wound, and the number of days of scab formation. The results obtained in the control group were 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN group, and the SM group on the 9th day were 1.3±0.2449, 0.34±0.427, 0.56±0.4586, 0±0, 0±0. The results of the average length of the dry wound in the control group were 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN group, and the SM group were 1±0.5, 2±1.5, 4±0, 8, 1±0.8, and 2±0.63. While the result of the average day of scab formation on the control group was 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN groups, SM Groups were 1.3±0.47, 2.2±1.6, 3.8±0.8, 1±0, and 2±0.63. Based on Kruskal Wallis test, there were significant differences in the wound length among treatment groups (sig 0.013) and significant differences in dry wounds among treatment groups (sig 0.046), but there was no difference in the time of scab formation among treatment groups (sig 0.066). In conclusion, edible bird’s nest ( Aedrodramus fuchipagus ) ointment concentration of 30% is the most optimal ointment to wound healing in Alloxan-induced male rats when compared to Sanoskin Melladerm.

pdf/wound-healing-effects-of-edible-bird-s-nests-oinment-2j0kt8dlup.pdf

Wound Healing Effects of Edible Bird’s Nests Oinment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) in Alloxan-Induced Male Rats

Context: Indonesia is the largest producer of edible bird’s nest (EBN) in the world. Previous research proved that epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detected from edible bird’s nest extract. EGF will increase the metabolism of skin cells and can lighten the skin EGF will increase the metabolism of skin cells and can lighten the skin. Aims: This research aimed to formulate and prove the lightening and the moisturizing effect of EBN cream on white mice. Materials and Methods: The 28 mice were divided into four group treatment. EBN 40% were formulated into cream with two formula types: water in oil (W/O) and oil in water (O/W). Before the treatment, white mice were exposed to UVA radiation until skin color level was 4. For 14 days, white mice were treated and observed skin color level and moisture content by skin analyzer. Results: The skin color level was 1 on day 8 (O/W), on day 9 (W/O), on day 8 (positive control), and showed skin color level was 4 on day 14 (negative control). The average water content on day 14 was 53.70 ± 1.21 (O/W), 50.13 ± 1.39 (W/O), 53.88 ± 0.88 (positive control), and 21.48 ± 2.90 (negative control). Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in lightening effect (Sig. 0.495) and moisturizing effect (Sig. 0.564) between O/W cream and W/O creams. W/O cream has good adhesion and O/W cream has good dispersion.

Formulation of Edible Bird's Nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from Central Kalimantan as Skin Whitening and Moisturizing Cream.

Herba Lampasau (Diplazium esculentum Swartz.) contains of flavonoids, saponins and tannins which act as antibacterial, antiseptic, and astringent in wound healing with 20% concentration, to facilitate its use it is formulated in the form of ointment. This study aimed to determine the optimum ointment formula based on before and after of Borneo Journal of Phamascientech, Vol. 03, No. 02, Oktober Tahun 2019 ISSN-Print. 2541-3651 ISSN-Online. 2548 – 3897 Research Article 179 the freeze thaw stability test of its physical characteristics and stability with variations of hydrocarbon base, absorption, washed water, and water soluble. Ointment preparations were made by smelting method, data analysis method on organoleptic, homogeneity and viscosity descriptively while in pH test, spreadability and statistical adhesion of one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the whole formula was semisolida, blackish green, distinctive smelling, homogeneous preparation but after the freeze thaw stability test it was not homogeneous anymore, preparation pH was 5.14- 6.63, preparation spread was 0-66.27 g.cm2 / s, power sticks 0,05) showed that was not significant before and after the freeze thaw stability test, the overall formula was stable but at pH testing for formulas 2-4 there was a significant change in stability. Thus, it can be concluded that formula 1 on a hydrocarbon basis is the most optimal formula based on its physical characteristics and stability.
Keywords: Lampasau; Ointment; Ointment base; Optimization; Optimal formula

https://jurnalstikesborneolestari.ac.id/index.php/borneo/article/download/255/176

Optimasi formula salep ekstrak etanol 96% herba lampasau (diplazium esculentum swartz.) menggunakan varian basis salep

Abstract. A wound is a damage or partial loss of body tissue that is accompanied by a loss of continuity of epithelial tissue due to several factors. Wounds can be classified based on their anatomical structure, nature, healing process and duration of healing. One of the natural material that has the potential to heal wound closure is swallow's nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus). The purpose of this literature review is to determine the potential of swallow's nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus) topical preparations as a wound healer and the content of compounds in swallow's nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus). The research method is used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The results of this literature study indicate that gel, cream and ointment preparations containing swallow's nest (Aerodramus fuciphagus) have potential as wound healers. Swallow's nest  (Aerodramus fuciphagus) has an epiderdermal growth factor that function as the formation of new acid and tissue texture. Moreover, it contains compounds such as sialic acid, glycosaminoglycans, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylneuramin, galactose, fucose, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and 53-amino acid polypeptides that act as a healing process in wound closure. 
Abstrak. Luka merupakan rusaknya ataupun hilangnya sebagian dari jaringan tubuh yang di sertai hilangnya kontinuitas jaringan epitel dikarenakan beberapa faktor. Luka dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan struktur anatomis, sifat, proses penyembuhan dan lamanya penyembuhan. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki potensi pada penyembuhan dalam penutupan luka yaitu sarang burung walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). Tujuan dari kajian studi literatur ini yaitu untuk mengetahui potensi dari sediaan topikal sarang burung walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) sebagai penyembuh luka dan kandungan senyawa dalam sarang burung walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Hasil studi literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa sedian gel, krim dan salep yang mengandung sarang burung walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) memiliki potensi sebagai penyembuh luka. Sarang burung walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) memiliki faktor pertumbuhan epidermal yang berfungsi sebagai pembentukan tekstur kulit dan jaringan baru, serta terdapat kandungan senyawa seperti asam sialat, glikosaminoglikan, N-asetilgalaktosamin, N-asetilglukosamin, N-asetilneuraminat, galaktosa, fukosa, asam amino esensial, asam amino nonesensial dan polipeptida asam 53-amino yang berperan sebagai proses penyembuhan dalam penutupan luka.

Studi Literatur Potensi Sediaan Topikal Sarang Burung Walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) sebagai Penyembuh Luka

The edible nest swiftlets are suspected to contain sialic acid that can increase the process of cell growth that can reduce the formation of scar tissue and accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effect and the optimal dosage of edible nest swiftlets ointment on skin histopathology of diabetes mellitus rats that suffered a scratch wound. This study used 25 male white rats, divided into 5 groups, all groups were treated with betadine and the intervention of group 1 was vaseline only (control group), group 2, 3, and 4 were edible nest swiftlets (ENS) ointment with 10%, 20%, and 30% concentration and group 5 were the sanoskin as control positive. The rats were injured in the back area and given the treatment according to the group once a day for 14 days. Skin tissue was taken to make histopathologic preparations for observation on the 0th, 7th, and 14th days. The parameters observed included the number of macrophages, neo-capillarization, and fibroblasts. The result on the 14th day showed that the number of macrophages in the control group, sanoskin group, and ENS 10%, 20%, and 30% group was 3.8±5.019; 3.2±2.489; 1.84±2.387; 1.8±2.049 and 1.2±1.095. The result of neocapillilization were 1.28±1.673; 1.4±1.673; 2.8±1.778; 5.4±4.159; and 15±30.773. The conclusion showed there was a significant difference and there was the effect of edible nest swiftlets ointment on the number of macrophages, the number of neocapillilization, and the density of fibroblasts on the rats with diabetes mellitus that suffered a scratch wound.

/pdf/skin-histopathology-of-diabetes-mellitus-rats-treated-with-3uoh3ved.pdf

Skin Histopathology of Diabetes Mellitus Rats Treated with Edible Nest Swiftlets (Aerodhramus fuciphagus) Ointment

Coffee is one of the drinks that people around the world often consume. In this study, coffee was extracted using the ultrasound method. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasonic extraction on the chemical and sensory content of Robusta coffee. The research method used was Duncan's test which was divided into using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with four treatments P1 (ultrasound 30 minutes), P2 (ultrasound 60 minutes), P3 (ultrasound 90 minutes), P4 (ultrasound 120). The highest caffeine content was 86.33%, the highest water content is P2 (60 minutes ultrasound) 4.13%, the highest ash content is P3 treatment (60 ultrasound minutes) was 3.75%. The highest-fiber content was in P1, and for the sensory test, the panelists tended to prefer P2 with a taste of 4.33, flavor 4.40, color 4.40 of 5.

Effect in Ultrasound Usage Time on Chemical and Organoleptic Properties of Robusta Coffee Powder (Coffea canephora. L)

Minyak atsiri bunga lili (lilium auratum) dapat berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dengan memformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sediaan gel antiseptik (Hand sanitizer) minyak atsiri bunga lili dengan berbagai konsentrasi gelling agent carbopol 940 yang mempunyai sifat fisik yang baik dan memenuhi syarat. Carbopol 940 divariasikan dengan konsentrasi 0,667 % dan 1,334% dari total formula. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Formula diuji sifat fisiknya, seperti uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya lekat dan daya sebar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari kedua formula dengan variasi konsentrasi gelling agent carbopol 940 yaitu 0,667 % dan 1,334% memenuhi syarat uji sifat fisik. Didapatkan hasil formula yang mempunyai sifat fisik yang memenuhi standar uji sifat fisik adalah formula II dengan konsentrasi Carbopol 940 1,334%. Kata Kunci : Lilium Auratum, Hand Sanitizer, Carbopol 940, Uji Sifat Fisik, Antibakteri The essential oil of lili (Lilium auratum) can potentially be antibacterial by formulating in the form of hand sanitizer gel preparations. This study is to determine the preparation of antiseptic gel (Hand sanitizer) of lilies essential oil with various concentrations of gelling agent carbophol 940 which has good physical properties and qualifies. Carbophol 940 with a variation in concentration of 0.667% and 1.334% with experimental methods conducted trials on formulations so that a product of hand sanitizer gel preparations of lilies essential oil that has good physical properties and qualifies. The results of the research showed that from the two formulas with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent Carbopol 940, namely 0.667% and 1.334%, it met the requirements. The resulting formula which had good physical properties was formula II with the amount of Carbopol 1.334%.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI GEL HAND SANITIZER DARI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA LILI (Lilium auratum)

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