Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to 
the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Moreover, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology. We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers. We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

The amazing potential of fungi: 50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially

Genera in the family Agaricaceae : evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences

Secondary structure of ITS2 rRNA provides taxonomic characters for systematic studies — a case in Lycoperdaceae (Basidiomycota)

The diversity of Lycoperdon and Vascellum in the mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul State, in southern Brazil, was investigated. These genera are considered distinct due to structure of the subgleba, presence/absence of paracapillitium and of a diaphragm. After a study of fresh and herbarium specimens, the following species were identified in the area: Lycoperdon juruense, L. lividum, L. marginatum, L. ovoidisporum, L. perlatum, Vascellum hyalinum, and V. pratense. Detailed descriptions of the species are accompanied by photographs of the basidiomata, line drawings of the microstructures, and scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores.

/pdf/gasteroid-mycobiota-of-rio-grande-do-sul-brazil-lycoperdon-xs9u3cofhk.pdf

Gasteroid mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Lycoperdon and Vascellum

Morganella arenicola Alfredo & Baseia sp. nov. from Brazilian forests is proposed as a new species based on its morphological features. A comparative analysis of several collections of Morganella compacta (G.Cunn.) Kreisel & Dring, including the holotype, is added. Detailed description, taxonomical remarks, and illustrations with photographs and scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores are given.

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/issues/bot-14-38-3/bot-38-3-14-1307-68.pdf

Morganella arenicola, a new species record from North and Northeast Brazil

The puffball genus Morganella (Lycoperdaceae) is emended to include a new subgenus Apioperdon. Lycoperdon pyriforme is relocated to Morganella, yielding the new combination Morganella pyriformis, and an epitype is given.

Proposing Morganella subgen. Apioperdon subgen. nov. for the puffball Lycoperdon pyriforme

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Proposing Morganella subgen. Apioperdon subgen. nov. for the puffball Lycoperdon pyriforme