Purpose
To examine the significance of 90 biomarkers for predicting metastatic status in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). By predicting metastatic status, it may be possible to eliminate unnecessary therapeutic or diagnostic efforts.

Prediction of metastatic status in non-seminomatous testicular cancer.

Analysis of circulating tumor cells from patients with different types of cancer is nowadays a fascinating new tool of research and their number is proven to be useful as a prognostic factor in metastatic breast, colon and prostate cancer patients. Studies are going beyond enumeration, exploring the circulating tumor cells to better understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis and their value for characterization, prognosis and tailoring of treatment. Few studies investigated the prognostic significance of circulating tumor cells in germ cell tumors. In this review, we examine the possible significance of the detection of circulating tumor cells in this setting.

/pdf/circulating-tumor-cells-in-germ-cell-tumors-are-those-23knvlzk8e.pdf

Circulating tumor cells in germ cell tumors: are those biomarkers of real prognostic value? A review

Today, liquid biopsy has emerged as a new tool in person-cantered medicine and can open a new window for researchers and physicians to treat and diagnose diseases, especially cancer. Liquid biopsy means the use of body fluids instead of tissue sampling for diagnostic information. In urological cancers, circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in urine and blood, as well as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor cells vesicles including exosomes, can have diagnostic and therapeutic value. Various techniques are used to examine these liquid materials such as digital PCR (dPCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS) to analysis mutations and immune-magnetic capturing, filtration, centrifugation, or microfluidic separation have been created for the isolation of CTCs. We performed a literature search using google scholar/PubMed with keywords like “liquid biopsy,” “circulating tumor DNA,” “cell-free DNA,” “CTCs,” “biomarkers,” “prostate cancer,” “bladder cancer,” “renal cancer,” and “patient-oriented medicine.” Based on our review of articles that used liquid biopsy to diagnose and design treatment protocols for urological cancers, it can be concluded that specific biomarkers for bladder, kidney, prostate, and genital cancers have been obtained, but these markers need to be further studied to enter the clinical field. 

Liquid biopsy as a new tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized medicine in urogenital cancers

Hodentumor: Molekular- und tumorbiologische Charakteristika

Molekulare Marker und Prognosefaktoren finden in der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung der Hodentumoren in verschiedenen Bereichen Anwendung. Dabei werden sie im Rahmen der Diagnostik hauptsachlich bei der primaren Diagnosestellung, der differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung zu anderen Tumorentitaten und der Vorhersage nicht sichtbarer (okkulter) Metastasen angewandt. Eine wichtige Rolle konnen sie auch in der Pradiktion und dem Monitoring des Therapieansprechens bzw. der Resistenz gegenuber der konventionellen Chemotherapie spielen. Vor allem die immunhistochemischen Marker kommen schon in der histopathologischen Routinediagnostik zum Einsatz. Die meisten molekularen Prognosemarker befinden sich jedoch noch in der Erforschung. Viele Studien haben Marker bisher in vitro untersucht oder an kleinen Patientenkollektiven zunachst deren diagnostischen Nutzen. Eine Validierung der Daten oder die routinemasige Anwendung in der Klinik steht oft noch aus.

703 circulating tumor cells can be detected in patients with testicular germ cell tumors

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703 circulating tumor cells can be detected in patients with testicular germ cell tumors