Feedstock and pyrolysis conditions affect suitability of biochar for various sustainable energy and environmental applications

A characteristic-based decision tree approach for sustainable energy applications of biomass residues from two major classes

A comparative evaluation of co-gasification of blends of low grade and washed coals with high-rank coal in a fixed bed reactor

This study investigated the optimal proportion of biochar derived from pinewood pellets (PW) and coke as reducing agents for the carbothermal reduction of iron ore at high temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the raw materials. To determine the effect of biochar proportion on reduction efficiency, presented as metallization, metallized pellets were subjected to chemical analysis, including total iron (T.Fe) analysis, metallic iron (M.Fe) analysis, and residual Fe2O3 and FeO analysis. The results indicated that the addition of biochar derived from PW, with coke as a reducing agent, considerably increased the efficiency of carbothermal reduction. Optimal reduction conditions were established at a reduction temperature of 1300 °C and a holding time of 20 min, with 20% coke and 80% pinewood char. In summary, biochar derived from PW can be used as an alternative to coke as a reducing agent in the iron reduction process. In addition, biomass can be used as a reducing agent to mitigate carbon consumption by reducing the amount of coke required in iron production. 

Potential of Pinewood Biochar as an Eco-Friendly Reducing Agent in Iron Ore Reduction

Study on the release pattern of NOx precursors during the reduction process of iron ore-biomass composite pellets

India is an agricultural country and near about 500 MT of agricultural wastes are generated each year. India has huge reserves of low-grade iron ore fines. Therefore, considering the availability of these two, the present study mainly focuses on utilization of solid waste in iron and steel industry; also, biomass being carbon-neutral fuel, promotes mitigation of environmental issues. To carry out this study, agricultural wastes like groundnut shell and corn cob which contain more than 70% of volatile matter were considered. Hence, an attempt has been taken to utilize this volatiles as well as char (prepared at 350°C) of corn cob and groundnut shell as a reducing agent for reduction of iron ore pellets. Maximum reduction percentage was achieved at 1000°C and 75 min using corn cob as a reductant, i.e., 78.38% with its volatile and 92.01% using its char. Higher intensity of elemental iron is also reflected by X-ray Diffraction analysis of reduced pellets. Further, cost estimation of reduction of iron ore pellets was also done using both the reducing agents, which signifies that the reduction process using biomass volatiles is much more economical than biochar. The total cost of producing DRI from corn cob volatiles is 56% less than coal followed by groundnut shell volatiles 53.36% and minimum in the case of groundnut shell char 36.17%.

Assessment of Utilization Potential of Biomass Volatiles and Biochar as a Reducing Agent for Iron Ore Pellets.

This research recommends a way to improve the productivity of a particular knitting floor. A knitting floor might be standstill due to various reasons that should resolve problems before and on the time of its arising immediately unless factory would get huge loss for that. In this research, production data of five days for 20 different types of the knit machine were recorded and compared with the target production. Most of the cases, the production efficiency were found around 10-30% lower than the targeted one since no mentioned steps have been implemented then. Surprisingly, when the mentioned steps have been implemented steps by steps, factory has started to receive around 80-90% efficiency on target production and a 10-30% extra production than the regular production. The best production rate has been observed when machine has faced less no. of program changed and better quality of yarn is supplied. Besides, knitting floor environment, relief from pressure and tension upon the machine operator also plays a very significant role here.

/pdf/analysis-of-production-loss-and-way-to-increase-productivity-ksq9p8objx.pdf

Analysis of Production Loss and Way to Increase Productivity in a Particular Knitting Floor

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Assessment of Utilization Potential of Biomass Volatiles and Biochar as a Reducing Agent for Iron Ore Pellets.

Analysis of Production Loss and Way to Increase Productivity in a Particular Knitting Floor