Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have been employed to diminish environmental electromagnetic radiations by reflecting and absorbing transmitted EM wave. However, most of the researchers focus on improving the electrical conductivity of the materials, which is conducive to improving EMI shielding performance, but it will also increase the EM reflection, leading to the inevitable secondary EM pollution. Therefore, it is momentous to develop novel green EMI shielding materials with low reflectivity for environmentally friendly applications. In this review, we introduce the evaluation methods and influence factors of low-reflectivity green EMI shielding materials. Subsequently, the recently reported fabrication approaches as well as the corresponding EMI shielding performance and mechanism in regards to the low-reflectivity green EMI shields are summarized, and the ways for dynamic performance regulation of recently reported EMI shielding materials are concluded as well. Finally, the extant challenges of design and fabrication for low-reflectivity EMI shielding materials needed to be concerned are proposed, and the research tendency of low-reflectivity EMI shielding materials are prospected. 

Evaluation, fabrication and dynamic performance regulation of green EMI-shielding materials with low reflectivity: A review

Novel structure design and shielding mechanism of various shielding materials are critically reviewed. Measurement methods of far-field and near-field shielding are presented. Challenges and future perspectives for shielding materials are discussed.

Electromagnetic interference shielding materials: recent progress, structure design, and future perspective

Green EMI shielding: Dielectric/magnetic “genes” and design philosophy

Recent progress on multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding polymer composites

Construction of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with miniaturized, programmable structure and low reflection are promising but challenging. Herein, an integrated transition-metal carbides/carbon nanotube/polyimide (gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/PI, GCMCP) aerogel frame with hierarchical porous structure and gradient-conductivity has been constructed to achieve EMI shielding with ultra-low reflection. The gradient-conductive structures are obtained by continuous 3D printing of MXene/CNT/poly (amic acid) inks with different CNT contents, where the slightly conductive top layer serves as EM absorption layer and the highly conductive bottom layer as reflection layer. In addition, the hierarchical porous structure could extend the EM dissipation path and dissipate EM by multiple reflections. Consequently, the GCMCP aerogel frames exhibit an excellent average EMI shielding efficiency (68.2 dB) and low reflection (R = 0.23). Furthermore, the GCMCP aerogel frames with miniaturized and programmable structures can be used as EMI shielding gaskets and effectively block wireless power transmission, which shows a prosperous application prospect in defense industry and aerospace. 

/pdf/3d-printed-integrated-gradient-conductive-mxene-cnt-2mfdgnyj.pdf

3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection

Electrically conductive gradient structure design of thermoplastic polyurethane composite foams for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and ultra-low microwave reflectivity

Porous conductive polymer composites (PCPC) have experienced a flourishing development in the domain of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Herein, a conductive poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/carbon nanotube (SBS/CNT) composite foam with three-dimensional networks was fabricated by a freeze-drying technology. The SBS elastomer helps to strengthen the CNT framework and improve the mechanical strength of the composite foam. With a loading of 9 wt.% CNTs, the composite foam exhibits an excellent compression modulus of 1.15 MPa and a good recovery of 32%. Furthermore, it also shows an outstanding total EMI shielding effectiveness above 47 dB within the frequency scope of 8.4-12.4 GHz as well as an electrical conductivity of 51.8 S/m.

A conductive composite foam based on poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/carbon nanotube (SBS/CNT) for electromagnetic interference shielding

The morphology of filler has an important effect on the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties of conductive polymer composites (CPCs). In this work, three different nickel powders include spherical nickel (S-Nickel) powder, flaky nickel (F-Nickel) powder, and chain spherical nickel (CS-Nickel) powder were mixed into two-component silica gel and epoxy resin to obtain CPCs, respectively. The electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), compressibility, and tensile strength of CPCs were investigated. The results show that CPCs with CS-Nickel have the best electrical conductivity and EMI SE, due to the excellent dimensional structure of CS-Nickel result in the denser conductive network. At the same time, compared with silica gel, epoxy resin has a higher cohesion force to fillers, and epoxy resin CPCs show better electromagnetic shielding performance with lower filler content. We believe that our work can provide some experimental support for the selection of filler and matrix for high performance electromagnetic shielding materials.

A Comparative Study on the Influences of Various Nickel Powders on the EMI Shielding Performance of Conductive Polymer Composites

In-situ metallized carbon nanotubes/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (CNTs/SBS) foam for electromagnetic interference shielding

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Electrically conductive gradient structure design of thermoplastic polyurethane composite foams for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and ultra-low microwave reflectivity

A conductive composite foam based on poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/carbon nanotube (SBS/CNT) for electromagnetic interference shielding

A Comparative Study on the Influences of Various Nickel Powders on the EMI Shielding Performance of Conductive Polymer Composites

In-situ metallized carbon nanotubes/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (CNTs/SBS) foam for electromagnetic interference shielding