In most wastewater treatment plants, biological treatment degrades organic matter. Aeration is a key parameter that directly affects dissolved oxygen concentration, fouling, mixing of solids, and operation costs. Although air is efficient with most types of wastewater, pure oxygen can provide a more economical and efficient dissolved oxygen supply, especially for high-strength wastewater. This review discussing pure oxygen-based aeration can be applied in various biological treatment techniques, making it a promising technology in wastewater treatment. Thus, this review covers the deep discussion of pure oxygen effects on wastewater treatment, challenges, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as its impact on microbial community structure and multifaceted assessment, which are essential methodological tools for wastewater treatment efficiency during wastewater life cycle assessment to attain a sustainable circular (bio)economy. To date, this topic has not been thoroughly reviewed. Therefore, this review may be one of the few reviews that discuss and provide an overview of the integration of pure oxygen in wastewater treatment. Pure oxygen-based wastewater treatment is recommended as an intelligent approach for nitrification, denitrification, and organic removal in most biological wastewater treatment techniques. Hence, this review found that further studies are required to develop a pure oxygen technology that is combined with new biofilm technologies to achieve higher treatment efficiency, lower treatment costs, and application with different types of wastewater that may pave the way for optimal biological treatment efficiency of different types of wastewater. 

Multifaced features and sustainability of using pure oxygen in biological wastewater treatment: A review

/pdf/modelling-of-symmetric-switched-capacitor-multilevel-2xrnb5xy.pdf

Modelling of Symmetric Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for High Power Appliances

As the most widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209 is commonly used in polymer-based commercial and household products. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, BDE-209 is ubiquitous in a variety of environmental compartments and can be exposed to organisms in various ways and cause toxic effects. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of BDE-209 in the environment, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. BDE-209 has been detected in various environmental matrices including air, soil, water, and sediment. Additionally, environmental factors such as organic matter, total suspended particulate, hydrodynamic, wind, and temperature affecting BDE-209 are specifically discussed. Toxicity studies suggest BDE-209 may cause systemic toxic effects on living organisms, reproductive toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, or even be carcinogenic. BDE-209 has toxic effects on organisms mainly through epigenetic regulation and induction of oxidative stress. Evidence regarding the degradation of BDE-209, including biodegradation, photodegradation, Fenton degradation, zero-valent iron degradation, chemical oxidative degradation, and microwave radiation degradation is summarized. This review may contribute to assessing the environmental risks of BDE-209 to help develop rational management plans. 

A critical review on BDE-209: Source, distribution, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation.

In today's fast-paced, information-driven world, data centers can offer high-speed, intricate capabilities on a larger scale owing to the ever-growing demand for networks and information systems. Because data centers process and transmit information, stability and reliability are important. Data center power supply architectures rely heavily on isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters to ensure safety and stability. For the smooth operation of a data center, the power supply must be reliable and uninterrupted. In this study, we summarize the basic principle, topology, switch conversion strategy, and control technology of the existing isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. Subsequently, existing research results and problems with isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters are reviewed. Finally, future trends in the development of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters for data centers are presented, which offer valuable insights for solving engineering obstacles and future research directions in the field. 

A review of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters for data centers

Treatment techniques for removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from real wastewater: Limitations, challenges, and future research directions

With the continuous development of power supplies toward miniaturization, light weights, and high levels of integration, research on high-frequency resonant conversion based on planar magnetics is becoming extensive. Combining the soft-switching characteristics of resonant converters with those of wide bandgap devices, the switching frequency can be increase to the MHz range, and the power density of the entire system can be improved considerably. However, higher switching frequencies impose new requirements for the structural design, loss distribution, and common mode (CM) noise suppression of passive magnetic components. Herein, a thorough survey of the-state-of-the-art of planar magnetics in high-frequency resonant converters is conducted. Printed circuit board winding-based planar magnetics, magnetic integration, and power-loss optimization strategies are summarized in detail. Suppression methods for CM noise in high-frequency planar magnetics are also clarified and discussed. An insight view into the future development of planar magnetics for high-frequency resonant converters is presented. 

Overview of Planar Magnetics for High-frequency Resonant Converters

For LLC resonant converter, the optimized design of the planar integrated structure for resonant inductors and transformers is the key point to achieve higher power density and efficiency. An ultra-thin matrix integrated structure for the power magnetic components of Input-series Output-parallel (ISOP) LLC resonant converters is investigated in this paper. Based on the theoretical calculation methods for magnetic core loss and winding loss, two transformers were integrated and designed. Furthermore, in order to further reduce the volume and loss of magnetic components, the transformer and resonant inductors are both integrated. Finally, an ISOP LLC resonant converter prototype based on the integrated magnetics was built with the high-power density of 24W/in3 and a peak efficiency of 96%. The feasibility and effectiveness of the ultra-thin integrated structure also verified by the experimental results.

Magnetic Integration Design for Input-Series Output-Parallel LLC Resonant Converter

Complex bacteria communities that comprised Brevibacillus sp. (M1) and Achromobacter sp. (M2) with effective abilities of degrading decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) were investigated for their degradation characteristics and mechanisms under aerobic conditions. The experimental results indicated that 88.4% of 10 mg L−1 BDE-209 could be degraded after incubation for 120 h under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, 30 °C and 15% of the inoculation volume, and the addition ratio of two bacterial suspensions was 1:1. Based on the identification of BDE-209 degradation products via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis, the biodegradation pathway of BDE-209 was proposed. The debromination, hydroxylation, deprotonation, breakage of ether bonds and ring-opening processes were included in the degradation process. Furthermore, intracellular enzymes had the greatest contribution to BDE-209 biodegradation, and the inhibition of piperyl butoxide (PB) for BDE-209 degradation revealed that the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme was likely the key enzyme during BDE-209 degradation by bacteria M (1+2). Our study provided alternative ideas for the microbial degradation of BDE-209 by aerobic complex bacteria communities in a water system.

/pdf/aerobic-degradation-characteristics-and-mechanism-of-hods8jgs.pdf

Aerobic Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) Using Complex Bacteria Communities

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Overview of Planar Magnetics for High-frequency Resonant Converters

Magnetic Integration Design for Input-Series Output-Parallel LLC Resonant Converter

Aerobic Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) Using Complex Bacteria Communities