Popularity of graphene oxide (GO) became ballistic in the last few years – in short, it almost seems that now everyone wants to work with graphene. However, as the number of electrochemical papers about graphene grows, so is the amount of misinterpretations. Our work was mostly focused on preparation of GO and its electrochemical properties, namely catalysis. Our results show, that chemical preparation of GO by strong oxidation is very tricky. Several approaches were tested, such as different sizes of graphite particles, oxidation mixtures, even repetitive preparations under the same conditions usually resulted in different products. Another big topic are impurities which are present due to natural occurrence in graphite and some of them might be also introduced during purification processes of GO. This could also lead to often observed catalytic activity of graphene. From our observations neither selectivity nor significant electrocatalytic abilities of the reduced graphene oxide modified electrodes towards H2O2 were observed. Moreover, our results suggest that GO does not need linking molecules in order to be deposited onto the surface of the electrodes, since it attaches spontaneously and keeps its electrochemical properties. Graphene is usually reported as a superior material, but its proper description and characterization should not be underestimated.

About graphene oxide

The integrated circuits industry has been continuously producing microelectronic components with ever higher integration level, packaging density, and power density, which demand more stringent requirements for heat dissipation. Electronic packaging materials are used to pack these microelectronic components together, help to dissipate heat, redistribute stresses, and protect the whole system from the environment. They serve an important role in ensuring the performance and reliability of the electronic devices. Among various packaging materials, epoxy‐based underfills are often employed in flip‐chip packaging. However, widely used capillary underfill materials suffer from their low thermal conductivity, unable to meet the growing heat dissipation required of next‐generation IC chips with much higher power density. Many strategies have been proposed to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy, but its application as underfill materials with complex performance requirements is still difficult. In fact, optimizing the combined thermal–electrical–mechanical–processing properties of underfill materials for flip‐chip packaging remains a great challenge. Herein, state‐of‐the‐art advances that have been made to satisfy the key requirements of capillary underfill materials are reviewed. Based on these studies, the perspectives for designing high‐performance underfill materials with novel microstructures in electronic packaging for high‐power density electronic devices are provided.

Advances on Thermally Conductive Epoxy‐Based Composites as Electronic Packaging Underfill Materials—A Review

A material that can serve in almost every field of human life at very low cost with high results is no other than “graphene”. The multifunctional properties of graphene have made it a very interesting topic of research among researchers. Since its discovery in the last decade of the last century, scientists continue to disclose the amazing properties of graphene day by day. By last year, the number of publications on graphene applications had reached many thousands per year, which is a record absolutely. The main objectives of this review were to provide an eye-catching view of graphene properties discovered in the last few years. This review aims to report some “green synthesis” methods for synthesizing graphene from low cost/no cost materials having no side effects of any kind. Fabrication of graphene to produce composite materials is another milestone that is discussed in this review, giving recent examples. “Graphene membranes” can serve not only for the separation of different gases but find a main use in the supply of safe drinking water to all countries. “Graphene energy” can be utilized for the production of graphene batteries with much better charging capacity than the traditionally used lithium batteries. Graphene superconductors and magnets exhibit better performance than previously used materials for these purposes. Graphene inks can bring about a revolution in the field of printed electronics. A very recent development is graphene clothing and shoes. Graphene glasses, paints, rubber bands and disease detectors are among other graphene-based materials developed for human use. This review percolates recent advancements in graphene and its applications, which have brought about positive and revolutionary change in different fields of human welfare.

Current Review on Synthesis, Composites and Multifunctional Properties of Graphene

Multifunctional fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites provide an ideal platform for next‐generation smart composites applications including structural health monitoring, electrical and thermal conductivity, energy storage and harvesting, and electromagnetic interference shielding without compromising their mechanical properties. Recent progress in carbon‐based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has enabled the development of many novel multifunctional composites with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the effective incorporation of such carbon nanomaterials into FRP composites using scalable, high‐speed, and cost‐effective manufacturing without compromising their performance is challenging. This review summarizes the recent progress on graphene and CNT‐based FRP composites, their manufacturing techniques, and their applications in smart composites. Current technical challenges and future perspectives on smart FRP composites research to facilitate an essential step toward moving from research and development‐based smart composites to industrial‐scale mass production are also discussed.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adfm.202205723

Graphene and CNT‐Based Smart Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review

A means of enhancing electrical and thermal conductivities of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is investigated for the purpose of reducing damage when electric current and/or heat is introduced into a CFRP structure. The addition of commercially available graphene oxide (GO) nano-flakes dispersed into an epoxy resin is studied; quantities up to 6.3 vol% are used in a vacuum infusion process with carbon fibre fabric to form CFRP laminates. Measurements of the anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivity of the laminate were conducted on CFRP specimens with and without the GO nano-flakes. It is shown that the electrical conductivity in the through-thickness direction increased markedly, reaching values up to 0.18 S/cm, when 6.3 vol% of GO was added into the epoxy, showing a threefold increase compared to the neat CFRP. Similar improvement was also found in the thermal through-thickness conductivity for the same filler content, where the laminate exhibited identical values in both transverse and through-thickness directions. However, the properties transverse to the fibres were not greatly affected by the GO addition. To assess the effect of the GO on the mechanical properties, interlaminar shear strength tests were conducted that showed that the addition of the GO significantly enhanced the through-thickness shear strength.

/pdf/enhancement-of-the-electrical-and-thermal-properties-of-3iwaus2ril.pdf

Enhancement of the electrical and thermal properties of unidirectional carbon fibre/epoxy laminates through the addition of graphene oxide

In this study, we propose a new approach for the homogeneous liquid-phase transfer of graphene oxide (GO) into epoxy resin. This makes the process more efficient, while achieving fully uniform distribution of GO flakes within the epoxy matrix. Introduction of as little as 0.4% and 0.6% GO drastically increases the viscosity of the compositions, pointing at the highly exfoliated condition of GO in the resin. A significant accelerating effect of GO on the curing reaction is attributed to reactive groups on the GO surface. The study of the thermo-mechanical properties revealed that the introduction of relatively small amount of GO (0.2 wt%) into the epoxy matrix results in the increase of the storage modulus by 25.4% (3035 MPa) relative to the neat epoxy polymer (2420 MPa). The use of the high-temperature curing agent affords the composites with significantly higher glass transition temperatures, compared to the low-temperature curing agent, broadening the scope of their potential applications.

Fully exfoliated graphene oxide accelerates epoxy resin curing, and results in dramatic improvement of the polymer mechanical properties

Polymer Composites with Magnetically Tunable Optical Anisotropy

The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the stability of two types of polymer coatings to the effects of formation water and hydrochloric acid based on the analysis of mechanical properties, thermal stability and surface morphology. To accomplish the task, modern physical-chemical methods were used: differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy, an electromechanical universal testing machine, a dilatometer. Simulation of the effect of water at elevated temperatures and pressures on the polymer coating samples was carried out in an autoclave-reactor, the study of the effect of acid was carried out in a glass beaker. On the basis of the work carried out, results were obtained that show similarities and differences in the behavior of the polymer samples studied. The change of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion with increasing temperature is investigated. In general, it has been shown that PE-RT polymer has better characteristics than PE polymer. However, both of them are stable to the exposure of formation water and hydrochloric acid and can protect corrosion of high pressure pipes connections.

/pdf/effect-of-formation-water-and-hydrochloric-acid-on-the-372ypqha7q.pdf

Effect of formation water and hydrochloric acid on the physical and chemical properties of polymer materials of high pressure pipelines used for transportation of crude oil

Determination of thermal conductivity of polymers by the method of differential scanning calorimetry with temperature modulation

Relationship between the Rheological and Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polypropylene

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