Objetivo: Verificar a variação da pressão intraocular decorrente do uso de óculos de natação. Métodos: Nove nadadores (5 homens e 4 mulheres), com idade entre 18 e 25 anos tiveram sua PIO medida em seis diferentes momentos. Momento 1): pré teste, momento 2): após 10 minutos sentados vestindo óculos de natação, momento 3): quinze minutos após o momento 2, momento 4): após 10 minutos dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação, momento 5): imediatamente após nadar 400 metros usando o óculos de natação, momento 6): doze minutos após o termino do nado. Foi utilizado como procedimento estatístico o teste ANOVA e o pós teste de Bonferonni. Resultados: Não houve alteração significativa após 10 minutos de uso do óculos de natação (p˃0.05); não houve alteração significativa da PIO após 10 minutos de permanência dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação (p˃0.05); houve redução significativo da PIO (p˂0.01) imediatamente após os 400 metros de nado, retornando próximo aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o termino do teste. Conclusão: houve redução significativa da PIO após 400 metros de nado, retornando aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o término do teste.

Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício

Aims: Hydrotherapy, i.e. exercise in warmwater, as a rehabilitation programhas been considered potentially dangerous in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to the increased venous return caused by the hydrostatic pressure. However, hydrotherapy has advantages compared to conventional training. We studied the applicability of an exercise programme in a temperature-controlled swimming pool, with specific reference to exercise capacity, muscle function, quality of life and safety. Methods and results: Twenty-five patients with CHF (NYHA II-III, age 72.1"6.1) were randomised into either 8 weeks of hydrotherapy (ns15), or into a control group (ns10). The training programwas well tolerated with no adverse events. Patients in the hydrotherapy group improved their maximal exercise capacity (q6.5 vs.y5.9 W, Ps0.001), isometric endurance in knee extension (q4 vs.y 9s ,Ps0.01) together with an improvement in the performance of heel-lift (q4 vs. y3 n.o., Ps-0.01), shoulder abduction (q12 vs. y 8s ,Ps0.01) and shoulder flexion (q6 vs. q4, Ps0.01) in comparison to patients in the control group. Conclusion: Physical training in warm water was well tolerated and seems to improve exercise capacity as well as muscle function in small muscle groups in patients with CHF. This new approach broadens the variety of training regimes for older patients with CHF. � 2003 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Hydrotherapy--a new approach to improve function in the older patient with chronic heart failure.

Background: The effects of immersion and training of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in warm water has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the acute hemodynamic response of immersion and peripheral muscle training in elderly patients with CHF. Methods: Thirteen CHF patients and 13 healthy subjects underwent echocardiography on land and in a temperature-controlled swimming pool (33‐34 -C). Results: Rest. Heart rate decreased (CHF, p=0.01; control, p=0.001) and stroke volume increased (CHF, p=0.01; control, p=0.001) during water immersion in both groups, with no change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Ejection fraction (p<0.05) and transmitral Doppler E/A ratio (p=0.01) increased in the CHF group, with no changes in left ventricular volumes. The healthy subjects had similar responses, but also displayed an increase in cardiac output (p<0.01) and left ventricular volumes (p<0.001). Exercise. Cardiac output and systolic blood pressure increased significantly in water, in both groups. Conclusion: A general increase in early diastolic filling was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate, leading to an increase in stroke volume and ejection fraction in most patients with CHF during warm water immersion. These beneficial hemodynamic effects might be the reason for the previously observed good tolerability of this exercise regime. D 2005 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier B.V.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.08.001

Immersion in warm water induces improvement in cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.

Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise in Improving Lower Limb Strength in Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose. Rotator cuff tears are frequently encountered in medical outpatient settings and often require surgical repair to achieve desirable functional outcomes. However, the optimal form of post-operative rehabilitation of rotator cuff repairs remains unidentified by the research literature. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing and investigating the effect of a combined aquatic and land-based rehabilitation programme in the post-operative rehabilitation of rotator cuff tears. Methods. A cohort of 18 subjects undergoing rotator cuff repair were examined over a treatment period of 12 weeks. Twelve subjects participated in a combined aquatic and land-based programme, while six subjects received a standard land-based protocol. Passive range of motion and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index outcomes were measured pre-operatively and at three, six and 12 weeks, post-operatively. Subjective responses on patient's assurance and confidence in the value of the exercises (questionnaire using an 11-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) were collected at 12 weeks for both groups. Results. There was a significant improvement in both range of motion and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff scores in all subjects with treatment (p < 0.001). Furthermore, participation in aquatic therapy significantly improved passive flexion range of motion measures at three weeks (mean 46°, 95% CI 17–75, p = 0.005) and six weeks (30°, 95% CI 8–51, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the attendance rates (80% in both groups) or patients perceptions of the programmes (100% confidence and assurance in both groups). Conclusion. The implementation of a combined aquatic and land-based physiotherapy programme following surgical repair of the rotator cuff is feasible and presents a potential viable alternative to conventional land-based exercise with comparable outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The addition of aquatic therapy to rehabilitation following surgical rotator cuff repair: a feasibility study.

The Physiology of Immersion

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The Physiology of Immersion