Herbal medicines have long been used as a traditional mode of therapy for various ailments in India. They are being used increasingly as dietary supplements to ward off common diseases. Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and can affect up to 90% of the world population. Gingivitis is the mild form whereas periodontitis results in an irreversible loss of supporting structures of the teeth. Even though periodontal pathogens form a crucial component in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting oxidative stress playing a pivotal role in the disease initiation and progression. Studies have shown a direct correlation between increased levels of biomarkers for tissue damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the severity of periodontal disease. Thus, the focus of attention has revolved back to herbal medicines due to their wide spectrum of biological and medicinal activities, lower costs, and higher safety margin. Internet databases Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched, and the most relevant articles were considered for review. This review briefly describes the various herbs with antioxidant capacity and their potency in the treating periodontal disease.

Herbs as an antioxidant arsenal for periodontal diseases.

Ethno pharmacological relevance: Traditional medicinal plants are practiced worldwide for treatment of arthritis especially in developing countries where resources are meagre. This review presents the plants profiles inhabiting throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for treatment of arthritis.
Materials and methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts/polyherbal formulations/toxicity studies for arthritis have been included in the review article. The profiles presented also include information about the scientific name, family, dose, methodology along with mechanism of action and toxicity profile. Research status of twenty potential plant species has been discussed. Further, geographical distribution of research, plants distribution according to families has been given in graphical form.
Results: 485 plant species belonging to 100 families, traditionally used in arthritis are used. Among 100 plant families, malvaceae constitute 16, leguminasae 7, fabaceae 13, euphorbiaceae 7, compositae 20, araceae 7, solanaceae 12, liliaceae 9, apocynaceae, lauraceae and rubiaceae 10, and remaining in lesser proportion. It was observed in our study that majority of researches are carried mainly in developing countries like India, China, Korea and Nigeria.
Conclusion: This review clearly indicates that list of medicinal plants presented in this review might be useful to researchers as well as practioners. This review can be useful for preliminary screening of potential anti- arthritis plants. Further toxicity profile given in the review can be useful for the researchers for finding the safe dose.

Medicinal plants with potential anti-arthritic activity:

Nutritional composition and nutraceutical properties of the Pleurotus fruiting bodies: Potential use as food ingredient

Challenges, constraints and opportunities in herbal medicines - a review.

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) have gained considerable attention of food technologist and nutritionist for their nutraceutical properties. Oyster mushrooms are considered as functional foods due to their richness in functional food ingredients. In recent times, consumption of these mushrooms has increased considerably due to their numerous health benefits. These are potential sources of bioactive components, which are sufficient enough for prevention and treatment of various lifestyle diseases. There are about 200 different species in the genus Pleurotus and these are commonly referred to as “oyster mushrooms”.The study aimed to grasp a collective information on nutraceutical and processing aspects of highly perishable but nutritious oyster mushroomPleurotus ostreatus is the most commonly consumed species all over the world due to its superior flavor, taste and nutraceutical properties. It acts as a source of natural antioxidants which might be beneficial for human health in preventing or reducing oxidative damage. Nutritionally, these species are rich sources of proteins, dietary fibres, β-glucan, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and minerals. They contain higher proportions of certain amino acids such as methionine, cystine and aspartic acid than other edible mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms have been reported to possess hypocholesterolemic, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-viral activities and act as natural resources of immunotherapy activities. The use of these mushrooms can overcome the deficiency of protein in the developing countries where there is unavailability or unacceptability of good quality proteins from animal sources because of religious restrictions.Because of the occurrence of abundant nutritional ingredients and other bioactive components in P. ostreatus, they have a great scope as a potential source for the development of functional or specialty foods for value addition of deficient foods so as to alleviate the nutritional deficiency diseases from society.

Nutraceutical Potential and Processing Aspects of Oyster Mushrooms ( Pleurotus Species)

The research was conducted to investigate the cytotoxic activities of crude aqueous extracts of fruits and leaves of Grewia asiatica plant. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of Grewia asiatica was determined by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay using cell lines HEK-293 (Epidermal Kidney Cancer cell line), NCI-H522 (Cell Lung cancer cell line), HELA (Cervical Cancer cell line), Hep – 2 (Laryngeal Cancer cell line), and MCF-7 (Breast cancer cell line). Grewia asiatica (G. asiatica), a shrub from the Malvaceae family, is commonly used among Native Americans and occasionally utilized to treat illnesses with cancer-like symptoms. The results found were quite promising. The statistically processed results support the conclusion, that the aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits showed significant anticancer activity against liver cancer and breast cancer.

In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of aqueous fruit and leaf extracts ofGrewia asiatica using MTT Assay

Experimental investigation of anti-rheumatoid activity of Pleurotus sajorcaju in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

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In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of aqueous fruit and leaf extracts ofGrewia asiatica using MTT Assay

Experimental investigation of anti-rheumatoid activity of Pleurotus sajorcaju in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats