To design heterojunction electrocatalysts for water splitting in industrial plants, replacing RuO 2 , IrO 2 , and Pt/C remains challenging. We prepared heterostructures of nickel selenide (NiSe) and cobalt-iron layer double hydroxide (CoFe LDH), CoFe LDH@NiSe, using hydrothermal and electrodeposition processes. The interfacial coupling enhanced the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The CoFe LDH@NiSe required an overpotential of 127 mV and 38 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm −2 with a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec −1 and 33 mV dec −1 for OER and HER in alkaline solutions. Density functional theory calculations showed the enhancement of OER performance. The catalytic activity of CoFe LDH@NiSe increased the electronic conductivity, enhancing the water splitting with 10 mA cm −2 at 1.51 V. The robustness was demonstrated by the long-term stability for 120 h. This study provides a strategy for developing heteronanostructure electrocatalysts for water splitting in fields such as metal-air batteries and energy storage. An interface engineering approach was developed to fabricate NiSe coupled with CoFe LDH in which the hierarchical assembly of heteronanostructured nanosheets exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for overall water splitting kinetics. • CoFe-LDH@NiSe nanosheets were prepared by hydrothermal/electrodeposition method. • The mass activity of CoFe-LDH@NiSe surpasses the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. • DFT proves abundant vacant active sites enhancing the performance of OER. • The designed heteronanostructure exhibits an excellent catalytic performance. 

Designing a smart heterojunction coupling of cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide on nickel selenide nanosheets for highly efficient overall water splitting kinetics

Recently, researchers have focused on non-noble metal catalysts to replace noble metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction that is crucial for hydrogen production from water splitting. Among many metal-based compounds, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) often exhibit excellent HER catalytic performance due to the high electronegativity of P, which is favored by researchers. However, the OER catalytic performance of TMPs is not outstanding. Thus, improving its OER catalytic performance is crucial for the realization of excellent overall water-splitting bifunctional TMPs catalysts. In this review, we take TMPs as an example to analyze how to prepare highly active OER catalysts. Firstly, the evaluation criteria of OER reaction are introduced to compare the activity of catalysts. Then, from two aspects of improving the intrinsic activity of active sites and increasing the number of active sites/active surface area, we analyzed how to prepare highly active OER catalysts. For the former, it is often necessary to explore the method to make the OER potential close to the thermodynamic limit on the basis of understanding the OER mechanism. Therefore, we first summarized the widely recognized OER mechanism. Then, in order to improve the intrinsic activity of active sites, this paper expounds how to prepare efficient OER catalysts from four aspects: optimizing the adsorption and desorption of key intermediates, generating and optimizing vacancies in the catalyst, building multiple active sites, and promoting the formation of active phases. These four aspects are in line with the mechanism one by one; To increase the number of active sites/active surface area, strategies for constructing unique nanostructures and selecting special carriers were proposed. Finally, we propose key issues and challenges for future development in view of the shortcomings of each method. 

A review of modulation strategies for improving catalytic performance of transition metal phosphides for oxygen evolution reaction

The development of robust nano‐ and microstructured catalysts on highly conductive substrates is an effective approach to produce highly active binder‐free electrodes for energy conversion and storage applications. As a result, nanostructured electrodes with binder‐free designs have abundant advantages that provide superior electrocatalytic performance; these include more exposed active sites, large surface area, strong adhesion to substrates, facile charge transfer, high conductivity, high intrinsic catalytic activity, and fine‐tuning of its electronic nature through nanostructure modification. Notably, the interface chemistry of an electrocatalyst plays a significant role in their optimized electrocatalytic activity and stability. This review provides an overview of recent progress in nano‐ and microstructured catalysts, such as one, two, and 3D catalysts as binder‐free electrodes for electrocatalytic water splitting via the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, and beyond. Furthermore, this review focuses on the current challenges and synthesis strategies of binder‐free electrodes, with a focus on the impact of nanostructure on their functional property relationships and enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. Finally, an outlook for their future advances in energy conversion and storage is provided.

Developments and Perspectives on Robust Nano‐ and Microstructured Binder‐Free Electrodes for Bifunctional Water Electrolysis and Beyond

Molecular metal nanoclusters for ORR, HER and OER: Achievements, opportunities and challenges

Electrodeposition of cobalt-iron bimetal phosphide on Ni foam as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting.

A review: Target-oriented transition metal phosphide design and synthesis for water splitting

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A review: Target-oriented transition metal phosphide design and synthesis for water splitting