The invasive Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is one of the major agricultural and economical pests globally. Understanding invasion risk and mitigation of medfly in agricultural landscapes requires knowledge of its population structure and dispersal patterns. Here, estimates of dispersal ability are provided in medfly from South Africa at three spatial scales using molecular approaches. Individuals were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a subset of individuals were also sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Our results show that South African medfly populations are generally characterized by high levels of genetic diversity and limited population differentiation at all spatial scales. This suggests high levels of gene flow among sampling locations. However, natural dispersal in C. capitata has been shown to rarely exceed 10 km. Therefore, documented levels of high gene flow in the present study, even between distant populations (>1600 km), are likely the result of human-mediated dispersal or at least some form of long-distance jump dispersal. These findings may have broad applicability to other global fruit production areas and have significant implications for ongoing pest management practices, such as the sterile insect technique.

/pdf/population-genetics-of-ceratitis-capitata-in-south-africa-hpt5u09wzq.pdf

Population Genetics of Ceratitis capitata in South Africa: Implications for Dispersal and Pest Management

Coffea arabica and C. canephora as host plants for fruit flies (Tephritidae) and implications for commercial fruit crop pest management

Comparison of Acoustic Properties of Tethered Flight Sounds for Wild, Mass-Reared, and Irradiated Melon Flies, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT (Diptera : Tephritidae)

Selection of Effective Ages and Parameters for Qualitative Discrimination between Wild, Mass-Reared, and Irradiated Strains through Comparison of Tethered Flight Sounds of the Melon Flies, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT : (Diptera : Tephritidae

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is a highly invasive species throughout the world and considered as one of the most successful agricultural and economical pests. The increase of global trade in fruit and human travel combined with the biology of the medfly has allowed the species to spread from its proposed Afrotropical origin, to a number of locations throughout the world. In the Western Cape various control strategies have been implemented to control medfly populations, including insecticides and more environmentally-friendly techniques such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). In order to be effective, however, an SIT program requires some knowledge of the population structure and the movement of individuals between pest-occupied sites. The identification of sites from which re-invasion is most likely to occur and knowledge regarding the primary routes through which pests are likely to re-establish are critical to ensure successful SIT programmes. To provide this important information to SIT and area-wide pest control programs in South Africa, sampling at two different spatial scales (regionaland fine-scale) in South Africa was undertaken. Regional scale sampling was done at 13 locations in the Western Cape and fine scale sampling was done at 13 locations within the Ceres-valley. All individuals were genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers and selected individuals from the regional scale were sequenced for the mitochondrial gene COI. Our results show that populations at regionaland fine-scale in the Western Cape are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity (HEregional = 0.805; HEfine = 0.803). Little or weak population differentiation was detected at the regionaland fine-scales, suggesting overall high levels of gene flow among sampling locations. These findings were supported by coalescent based methods indicating sufficient levels of gene flow to prevent population differentiation between neighbouring (200 m) and distant (350 km) populations. However, natural dispersal in C. capitata has been shown to rarely exceed 10 km. As such, high levels of gene flow between distant populations are more likely the result of humanmediated dispersal, linked to the movement of fresh produce within South Africa. This high level of gene flow has important implications for pest management practices, as my results suggests that Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za

Population genetics of the mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata in the western cape province, south africa: invasion potential and dispersal ability

/pdf/gamma-irradiation-effect-on-the-flight-mill-performance-of-3emvqx0sbv.pdf

Gamma Irradiation Effect on the Flight Mill Performance of Dacus dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata

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Gamma Irradiation Effect on the Flight Mill Performance of Dacus dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata