/pdf/fish-for-life-interactive-governance-for-fisheries-trddzkgidy.pdf

Fish for life - Interactive governance for fisheries

/pdf/fish-for-life-interactive-governance-for-fisheries-n0zg6avoso.pdf

Fish for Life: Interactive Governance for Fisheries

Globalization has increased the speed and flow of people, information, and commodities across space, integrating markets and increasing interdependence of geographically dispersed places worldwide. Places historically driven by largely local forces and market demands are now increasingly affected by drivers at multiple scales. Trade is particularly important in driving these changes and more fish is now exported to international markets than ever before. When small-scale fisheries are integrated into global markets, local social–ecological systems change with potentially both positive and negative impacts on livelihoods, economics and ecology, but few studies systematically investigate how and why the outcomes of market integration vary from case to case. This paper systematically assesses multiple (social, ecological, economic and institutional) local effects of market integration in cases around the world by drawing on the global environmental change syndromes approach. Furthermore, we examine the factors contributing to the syndromes observed. Our analysis identifies three distinct social–ecological syndromes associated with international seafood trade. Results suggest that the presence of strong and well-enforced institutions is the principal factor behind the syndrome characterized by sustained fish stocks, while a combination of weak institutions, patron–client relationships, high demand from China and highly vulnerable target species explain the other two syndromes distinguished by declining stocks, conflict and debt among fishers. A key finding is that the factors emerging as important for explaining the different syndromes derive from different scales (e.g. local market structures vs distant market characteristics), indicating a need for multi-level governance approaches to deal with the effects of market integration. Furthermore, the meta-analysis shows that each syndrome encompasses fisheries from multiple continents. This suggests that the increasingly global nature of the seafood trade appears to be driving local dynamics by creating similar conditions for vulnerabilities in localities around the world, lending support to the notion of tele-connectivity across geographic space.

Using social-ecological syndromes to understand impacts of international seafood trade on small-scale fisheries

Presently, fisheries are in deep crisis worldwide due to overfishing. Increasing intensity of fishing throughout the world has had impacts on the target species and their supporting marine ecosystems. Globally, the total catches are declining by some about Vi million t per year since 1988. As well mean trophic level of landings are declining at rate of 0.1 per decade. This threatens the world's food security specifically, its animal protein supply, especially, in developing countries. In order to evaluate the status of marine fisheries in India, the catches were reconstructed over the period of 1950 to 2000. This reconstruction show marine fish catches increased gradually from 0.6 in 1950 to 3.3 million t in 2000. To determine if the Indian marine fisheries trends are ecologically sustainable or not, the mean trophic level of landings were analysed over the five decades. It is found that the fishing down marine food web phenomenon is happening all over India, i.e., in each state and union territory, similar to rest of the world. This trend, however, was generally not visible when the catches of small pelagics fishes were included, i.e., their variability masked the fishing down phenomenon when this was based on the mean trophic level of all shelf species. On the other hand, application of the cut off trophic level of 3.25 (i.e., excluding small pelagics and most invertebrates) made the fishing down effect visible for all states and union territories. This analysis thus confirms the potential usefulness of the MTI (Marine Trophic Index), recently adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity as one of the 8 indicators of biodiversity. It also confirms that the use of MTI, jointly with a TL cutoff 3 25 point (i.e., MTI) better reveals underlying trend than overall mean TL. The time series of Fishing in Balance (FiB) index show an overall increase for all Indian states and union territories, suggesting a geographic expansion of the fisheries. However, in recent years, a stagnation or decline of FiB index is visible in almost all areas. This indicates a serious problem, presumably the end of the expansion phase in Indian fisheries. Overall, this historical review clearly indicates that India has suffered from sequential depletions of coastal stocks.

/pdf/historical-reconstruction-of-indian-marine-fisheries-catches-dhzo91zrrh.pdf

Historical reconstruction of Indian marine fisheries catches, 1950-2000, as a basis for testing the Marine Trophic Index

This work is a rigorous analysis of the growing phenomenon of Hindu communalism which currently threatens to tear India apart. Placing the politics of Hindu nationalism and anti-Muslim hatred in a global context, the author explains the specific nature and modernity of communalism, distinguishing it both from fascism and from merely religious extremism. In defending both the reality and the desirability of the secularization of Indian state and society, Vanaik engages in an examination of the relationship between religion and culture, critically appraising the contributions of Emile Durkheim, Charles Taylor and Anthony Giddens to questions of identity and modernity. Whilst rejecting simplistic readings of religion as nothing but ideology, Vanaik is scathing about the postmodernists and cultural essentialists who assert the inescapable centrality of religion to Indian culture and society. Moving beyond purely theoretical considerations, the book assesses India's political future, the possible obstacles to the development of communalism, and the forces that exist on the Left which might be brought into alliance to halt the march of chauvinism. Achin Vanaik is the author of \"The Painful Transition: Bourgeois Democracy in India\".

The Furies of Indian Communalism. Religion, Modernity and Secularization@@@Legacy of a Divided Nation: India's Muslims since Independence@@@Religion, Federalism and the Struggle for Public Life: Cases from Germany, India and America

EMPTYING THE SEA OF WEALTH: GLOBALISATION AND THE GUJARAT FISHERY Derek Stephen Johnson Advisor: University of Guelph 2002 Dr. Marta Rohatynskyj Between the 1950s and the late 1990s the Gujarat marine fishery underwent a dramatic period of expansion as a result of its integration with the global market for fish and its exposure to new ideas and technologies of production. Until the 1970s the primary source of innovation in the fishery was the state government of Gujarat. After that point, the fishers of Gujarat, led by an emerging dominant entrepreneurial elite in the major urban areas, assumed control of the direction of change. Growth in the fishery had an immense impact on the economic and social position of Gujarat’s fishers and transformed the entire coastal region. By the early 1990s, Gujarat had become the most important producer of fish products of all Indian states and a significant source of supply for international markets. At the end of the 1990s, however, seemingly inexorable growth of the fishery halted and reversed under the weight of too much capacity and sudden declines in global fish prices. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a frame of reference by which the pattern of growth and ensuing crisis in the Gujarat fishery may be understood in relation to broader global trends as a first step in the conceptualisation of strategies to redress the current situation. The thesis takes the position that the complexity and rapidity of change in the Gujarat fishery requires a theoretical and methodological approach that mirrors those dynamic conditions even if it can only aspire to partially represent them. A dialectical epistemology best meets this goal by providing a way to link fundamental capacities for human thought and action with the broader conditions of global change. For the specific purposes of this thesis, a dialectical approach to globalisation clarifies a process of change where ‘global’ forces of capitalism and modernity were reconfigured in locally distinctive ways. The coastal fishing village of Dhamlej serves as the key site for the examination of that process. A dialectical approach also provided the basis for the multi-scale ethnographic methodology through which the data for the thesis were gathered and acts as the starting point for the recommendations with which the thesis concludes.

Emptying the sea of wealth: globalisation and the gujarat fishery, 1950 to 1999

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Emptying the sea of wealth: globalisation and the gujarat fishery, 1950 to 1999