Since prehistory, literature and the arts have been drawn to portrayals of physical environments and human-environment interactions. The modern environmentalist movement as it emerged first in the late-nineteenth century and, in its more recent incarnation, in the 1960s, gave rise to a rich array of fictional and nonfictional writings concerned with humans' changing relationship to the natural world. Only since the early 1990s, however, has the long-standing interest of literature studies in these matters generated the initiative most commonly known as “ecocriticism,” an eclectic and loosely coordinated movement whose contributions thus far have been most visible within its home discipline of literature but whose interests and alliances extend across various art forms and media. In such areas as the study of narrative and image, ecocriticism converges with its sister disciplines in the humanities: environmental anthropology, environmental history, and environmental philosophy. In the first two sections, w...

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-111109-144855

Literature and Environment

In 2008, we published a journal paper arguing that while scholarly work on media representations of environmental issues had made substantial progress in textual analysis, there had been much less work on visual representations. This special edition has a number of aims in this respect. It seeks to mark out where there has been progress since 2008, and the papers in this collection represent some of the fresh and exciting high quality scholarly work now emerging on an expanding number of topics and using different methods. We argue that we need to think more openly about what we mean by “the visual.” We begin by placing research into visual representations of the environment into the wider trajectory of visual studies research. We then proceed to review key trends in visual environmental communication research and to delineate core dimensions, contexts and sites of visual analysis.

Researching Visual Environmental Communication

The wide range of wildlife tracking and surveillance technologies (radio and satellite tracking, cameras, and audio) that are being deployed in conservation have important implications for a geogra...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0309132517740220

Geographies of conservation II: Technology, surveillance and conservation by algorithm:

When scientists act as consultants during the production of a fictional film, it becomes an act of communication that plays a role in the process of science. Fictional film provides a space for scientists to visually model their conceptions of nature. Film impacts scientific practice as science consultants utilize film as a virtual witnessing technology to gather allies among specialists and non-specialists. Film not only has the ability to act as a virtual witnessing technology, but also forces consensus on the public version of scientific debates by presenting a single vision of nature in a perceptually realistic structure. This paper shows films to be successful communicative devices within the scientific community by showing that, and how, other scientists respond to the depictions in the films. It also demonstrates that science consultants use fictional films as promotional devices for their research fields.

/pdf/science-consultants-fictional-films-and-scientific-practice-20aq3upw53.pdf

Science consultants, fictional films, and scientific practice

Concepts of nature and the ‘natural’ order of things form a central anchor in public debate and controversy about developments in genetic research and in human, animal and plant biotechnology. ‘Nat...

Tampering with nature: ‘nature’ and the ‘natural’ in media coverage of genetics and biotechnology

From the early exploits of Teddy Roosevelt in Africa to blockbuster films such as March of the Penguins, Gregg Mitman’s Reel Nature reveals how changing values, scientific developments, and new technologies have come to shape American encounters with wildlife on and off the big screen. Whether crafted to elicit thrills or to educate audiences about the real-life drama of threatened wildlife, nature films then and now have had an enormous impact on how Americans see, think about, consume, and struggle to protect animals across the globe. Winner of the History of Science Society’s Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize in the History of Science. (Text from University of Washington Press Website )

Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film. By Gregg Mitman. Illustrations, notes, index, Wildlife Films. By Derek Bousé. Illustration, appendix, notes, bibliography, index and Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema. By David Ingram. Notes, filmography, bibliography, index

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Reel Nature: America's Romance with Wildlife on Film. By Gregg Mitman. Illustrations, notes, index, Wildlife Films. By Derek Bousé. Illustration, appendix, notes, bibliography, index and Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema. By David Ingram. Notes, filmography, bibliography, index