Early growth, pigmentation, protein content, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of red curly lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under different lighting conditions were investigated. Fluorescent lamps (control), blue, red, and blue plus red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light sources for 10 days. An equal proportion (1:1) of blue and red LEDs was used in the mixed radiation condition. Compared with the control, monochromic red or blue lighting increased fresh and dry weights of 'Ttuksum' and 'Jaju' lettuces. Anthocyanin synthesis was also significantly promoted by the mixed radiation of blue and red LEDs. The mixed radiation also increased the protein content and PAL enzyme activity of 'Ttuksum' leaves by about 200% compared to other treatments. Anthocyanin content was the highest in lettuces subjected to the mixture radiation of blue and red light treatment, while anthocyanin synthesis was inhibited by monochromic red light. The results of the present study indicate that growth and pigment synthesis in lettuces are significantly enhanced by exposure to mixed radiation from blue and red LEDs.

/pdf/early-growth-pigmentation-protein-content-and-phenylalanine-26o7ue9por.pdf

Early Growth, Pigmentation, Protein Content, and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Activity of Red Curled Lettuces Grown under Different Lighting Conditions

This study was conducted to examine the effect of artificial light source and photoperiod on the growth of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) 'Seonhong Jeokchukmyeon' in a closed-type plant production system. Seedlings were grown under 3 light sources, fluorescent lamp (FL, Philips Co. Ltd., the Netherlands), WL #1 (Hepas Co. Ltd., Korea), and WL #2 (FC Poibe Co., Ltd., Korea), each with 3 photoperiods, 12/12, 18/6, and 24/0 (Light/Dark). An irradiance spectrum analysis showed that FL has various peaks in the 400-700 nm range, while WL #1 and WL #2 have only one monochromatic peak at 450 and 550 nm, respectively. The greatest plant height, fresh and dry weights were obtained in the 24/0 (Light/Dark) photoperiod. The 24/0 (Light/Dark) photoperiod treatment promoted vegetative growth of the leaf area. Length of the longest root, number of leaves, fresh weight, and total anthocyanin contents were greater in FL than in either WL #1 or #2. The greatest chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was found in the 12/12 (Light/Dark) photoperiod with FL treatment. The energy use efficiency of the LED increased by about 35-46% as compared to FL. Results suggest a possibility of LED being used as a substitute light source for fluorescent lamp for lettuce cultivation in a plant factory system.

http://www.koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201205759633828.pdf

밀폐형 식물생산시스템에서 인공광원과 광조사 시간에 따른 상추의 생장 및 안토시아닌 함량

Effects of Light Quality and Lighting Type Using an LED Chamber System on Chrysanthemum Growth and Development Cultured In Vitro Jeong Wook Heo, Yong Beom Lee, Yu Seob Chang, Jeong Taek Lee and Deog Bae Lee(Climate Change & Agroeconomy Division, Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-100, Korea, Research Policy Bureau, On-Farm Research Division, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-100, Korea, Farming Automation Division, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-100, Korea)

/pdf/effects-of-light-quality-and-lighting-type-using-an-led-5f2evrcvy4.pdf

Effects of Light Quality and Lighting Type Using an LED Chamber System on Chrysanthemum Growth and Development Cultured In Vitro

BACKGROUND: Plant factory system of an artificial light type using Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), fluorescent light, or metal halide lamp instead of sun light is an ultimated method for plant production without any pesticides regardless of seasonal changes. The plant factory is also completely isolated from outside environmental conditions such as a light, temperature, or humidity compared to conventional greenhouse. Light-environment control such as a quality or quantity in the plant factory system is essential for improving the growth and development of plant species. However, there was little report that the effects of various light qualities provided by LEDs on Ledebouriella seseloides growth under the plant factory system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings transplanted at urethane sponge were grown in the plant factory system of a horizontal type with LED artificial lights for 90 days. Yamazaki solution for hydroponic culture of the seedlings was regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the solution was recorded at 1.4 ds/m and 5.8 in average, respectively during the experimental period. Number of unfolded leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh and dry weight of the seedlings were three times measured in every 30 days after beginning of the experiment. Blue LEDs, red LEDs, and fluorescent lights inside the plant factory were used as light sources. Conventional fluorescent lamps were considered as a control. In all the treatment, light intensity was maintained at 100 μmol/m

/pdf/effect-of-light-quality-control-on-growth-of-ledebouriella-50sbs2978v.pdf

Effect of Light-Quality Control on Growth of Ledebouriella seseloides Grown in Plant Factory of an Artificial Light Type

BACKGROUND: For commercial production of greenhouse crops under shorter day length condition, supplementary radiation has been usually achieved by the artificial light source with higher electric consumption such as high-pressure sodium, metal halide, or incandescent lamps. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with several characteristics, however, have been considered as a novel light source for plant production. Effects of supplementary lighting provided by the artificial light sources on growth of Kale seedlings during shorter day length were discussed in this experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kale seedlings were grown under greenhouse under the three wave lamps (3 W), sodium lamps (Na), and red LEDs (peak at 630 nm) during six months, and leaf growth was observed at intervals of about 30 days after light exposure for 6 hours per day at sunrise and sunset. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of supplementary red LEDs on the plant canopy was maintained at 0.1 (RL), 0.6 (RM), and 1.2 (RH) μmol/m

/pdf/effect-of-supplementary-radiation-on-growth-of-greenhouse-1gv8ak3ip7.pdf

Effect of Supplementary Radiation on Growth of Greenhouse-Grown Kales

The effect of white fluorescent, blue, red, and blue plus red mixture light at a 90 10 mol m s light intensity on growth, net photosynthetic rate (NPR), and ethylene production in Ageratum houstonianum 'Blue Field', Tagetes erecta 'Orange Boy', and Salvia splendens 'Red Vista' plug seedlings was investigated for 14 days Higher leaf area and NPR of ageratum seedlings were achieved by mixture radiation of blue and red as compared to monochromic blue or red, whereas ethylene production was not affected by different light qualities Ageratum and salvia seedlings under blue or red light showed the greatest plant height Photosynthesis of marigold and salvia seedlings was stimulated by all light qualities except for monochromic blue light Red or mixture light quality was the most effective in the promotion of ethylene production of marigold and salvia, and inhibitory response was shown under blue light It was found that growth, photosynthesis, and ethylene production in ageratum, marigold, and salvia plug seedlings depended upon different light qualities for the experimental period

Light quality affects growth, net photosynthetic rate, and ethylene production of ageratum, African marigold, and salvia seedlings.

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Light quality affects growth, net photosynthetic rate, and ethylene production of ageratum, African marigold, and salvia seedlings.