Since the Armistice, a vast literature has been produced on the First World War and its repercussions. In this 2005 book, two leading historians from the United States and France have produced a fully comparative analysis of the ways in which this history has been written and interpreted. The book identifies three generations of historians, literary scholars, film directors and writers who have commented upon the war. Through a thematic structure, it assesses not only diplomatic and military studies but also the social and cultural interpretations of the Great War as seen primarily through the eyes of French, German and British writers. It provides a fascinating case study of the practice of history in the twentieth century and of the enduring importance of the national lens in shaping historical narrative. This interesting study will prove invaluable reading to scholars and students in history, war studies, European history and international relations.

The Great War in History: Debates and Controversies, 1914 to the Present

Historians and archivists approach the documentary past differently, as they consider, respectively, the ‘archive’ (singular) and ‘archives’ (plural). The former focuses on issues of power, memory, and identity centred upon the initial inscription of a document (or series of documents). The latter concentrates on the subsequent history of documents over time, including the many interventions by archivists (and others) that transform (and change) that original archive into archives. Despite making good common cause in lobbying over public policy, and initially sharing values based on objective, scientific history, the two professions have drifted apart in recent decades. This essay explores the reasons for this divergence by analyzing the history of the two professions and highlighting resulting misconceptions that blind both to deeper nuances of the multiple contexts surrounding records that may enhance their understanding and use. It concludes that archives are not unproblematic storehouses of records awaiting the historian, but active sites of agency and power. Until recently, it has been in the interests of both professions to deny (or at least not interrogate) the subjectivity of archives. Both professions could benefit significantly, therefore, from a renewed partnership centred upon the history of the record to produce better history.
 Resume: 
	Historiens et archivistes considerent differemment les documents herites du passe. Les premiers s’interessent a l’archive (au singulier), les seconds aux archives (au pluriel). Dans le premier cas, l’attention tend a se concentrer sur les questions de pouvoir, de memoire et d’identite au moment de la production initiale du document ou du groupe de documents. Dans le second cas, l’interet se focalise sur l’histoire du document a travers le temps, notamment les multiples interventions par lesquelles les archivistes (entre autres) ont transforme l’archive originale en archives. Bien qu’elles fassent volontiers cause commune face aux pouvoirs publics et qu’elles aient partage a l’origine une meme foi en l’histoire objective et scientifique, les deux disciplines se sont eloignees l’une de l’autre ces dernieres decennies. Cet article examine les causes de cette divergence. Il soutient que des defauts de perspective lies a leur histoire respective empechent l’une et l’autre discipline d’apprecier dans toutes leurs nuances les multiples contextes du document d’archive et d’utiliser ce dernier a son plein potentiel. Il conclut que les archives ne sont pas tant des depots documentaires neutres et transparents en attente de leur historien que des lieux de pouvoir et d’action. Jusqu’a recemment, les historiens comme les archivistes avaient interet a nier (ou, du moins, a ne pas mettre en cause) la subjectivite des archives. Les deux disciplines pourraient a nouveau collaborer avec profit a une histoire de l’archive qui servirait de base a une meilleure production historiographique.

The Archive(s) Is a Foreign Country: Historians, Archivists, and the Changing Archival Landscape

The heroic manager : an assessment of Sir Douglas Haig's role as a military manager on the Western Front

Current pharmacopoeias invariably refer to a category of 'alkylating drugs', still among the most widely used in cancer chemotherapy. They are described as acting through their ability to damage DNA, thus interfering with cell replication. Unfortunately, this mode of action implicates these drugs as carcinogens. Thus the early studies recalled in this essay proved to be relevant to our understanding of both the main problems with which cancer research concerns itself: the causation of cancer and possible methods of treatment of this group of diseases.

Alkylation of DNA and its aftermath.

Gentlemen’s Diplomacy: The Foreign Policy of Lord Lansdowne, 1845-1927. (December 2006) Frank Winfield Winters IV, B.A., University at Buffalo, State University of New York; M.A., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. R. J. Q. Adams As British Foreign Secretary from November 1900 to December 1905, Lord Lansdowne operated on a long-held coherent body of principles on which he based his foreign policy. Throughout his political life, in fact, he pressed for the renewal of an enlightened—if informal—‘Concert of Europe’ which he hoped could be implemented worldwide. His ‘policy of the entente,’ which reflected his belief in the efficacy of reasonable and ‘gentlemanly’ diplomacy to settle outstanding disputes, left him illsuited, however, to manage Britain’s position as a world power during this period of perceived relative decline. If Lansdowne did indeed have some innate talent for diplomacy, he aspired not to be the next Talleyrand, of whom he was reputedly a descendant, but to become an appropriately detached liberal-minded arbiter. He was the true gentleman-diplomat who, as enlightened reason dictated, always wished to play cartes sur table. In these waning years of the supremacy of British power, the marquis believed in an empire forged no longer through fire and sword, but through the example of free institutions, just administration, and the influence of English culture. He certainly believed that foremost

Gentlemen's diplomacy: the foreign policy of Lord Lansdowne, 1845-1927

Part 1 Haig's credentials: personal credentials professional credentials. Part 2 The attrition battles of 1916-17: the Somme Passchendaele - the roots, the battle Cambrai. Part 3 The attrition period - Haig's weaknesses: the tool the execution the common denominator. Part 4 A year of mobility: March 1918 - the German offensive August 1918 - a turning point? the last hundred days - an advance to victory? Part 5 Falsifying the record: Haig's fictions the government support of Haig. Biographical sketches. Appendices: sources used - an evaluation Haig - a political intriguer?

Haig's Command: A Reassessment

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Haig's Command: A Reassessment