Insights on the stem elongation of spur-type bud sport mutant of ‘Red Delicious’ apple

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a compelling horticultural crop with high culinary and therapeutic values. Commercial garlic varieties are male-sterile and propagated asexually from individual cloves or bulbils. Consequently, its main breeding strategy has been confined to the time-consuming and inefficient selection approach from the existing germplasm. Polyploidy, meanwhile, plays a prominent role in conferring plants various changes in morphological, physiological, and ecological properties. Artificial polyploidy induction has gained pivotal attention to generate new genotype for further crop improvement as a mutational breeding method. In our study, efficient and reliable in vitro induction protocols of autotetraploid garlic were established by applying different antimitotic agents based on high-frequency direct shoot organogenesis initiated from inflorescence explant. The explants were cultured on solid medium containing various concentrations of colchicine or oryzalin for different duration days. Afterward, the ploidy levels of regenerated plantlets with stable and distinguished characters were confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The colchicine concentration at 0.2% (w/v) combined with culture duration for 20 days was most efficient (the autotetraploid induction rate was 21.8%) compared to the induction rate of 4.3% using oryzalin at 60 μmol L–1 for 20 days. No polymorphic bands were detected by simple sequence repeat analysis between tetraploid and diploid plantlets. The tetraploids exhibited a stable and remarkable dwarfness effect rarely reported in artificial polyploidization among wide range of phenotypic variations. There are both morphological and cytological changes including extremely reduced plant height, thickening and broadening of leaves, disappearance of pseudostem, density reduction, and augmented width of stomatal. Furthermore, the level of phytohormones, including, indole propionic acid, gibberellin, brassinolide, zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and methyl jasmonate, was significantly lower in tetraploids than those in diploid controls, except indole acetic acid and abscisic acid, which could partly explain the dwarfness in hormonal regulation aspect. Moreover, as the typical secondary metabolites of garlic, organosulfur compounds including allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide accumulated a higher content significantly in tetraploids. The obtained dwarf genotype of autotetraploid garlic could bring new perspectives for the artificial polyploids breeding and be implemented as a new germplasm to facilitate investigation into whole-genome doubling consequences.

/pdf/in-vitro-induction-and-phenotypic-variations-of-173tf1ur.pdf

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

The invention relates to an ecological comprehensive prevention and control method of fig diseases and insect pests. The method comprises early-stage disease and pest control, middle-stage disease andpest control, and late-stage disease and pest control; the front-stage disease and pest control comprises before-sowing, sowing and emergence, and the middle-stage disease and pest control comprisesfertilizer and water management and disease and pest control. Through comprehensive management, according to harm to fig trees by long-horned beetle in different periods, corresponding prevention andcontrol modes are set, so that comprehensive support is provided for disease and pest control of figs, and the problems are solved that the yield of fig trees is reduced and the fruit trees die due tothe fact that diseases and pests endanger the fig trees; the survival rate of the fig trees is guaranteed, the yield of the figs is improved, the economic income of fig planting farmers is increased,the use amount of pesticide is reduced, environmental pollution is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.

Ecological comprehensive prevention and control method of fig diseases and insect pests

The invention discloses a cuiguan pear cutting cultivation method capable of improving the yield, and relates to the technical field of pear tree cultivation. The method includes the following steps of 1, field selection and soil preparation, 2, cutting wood selection, 3, cutting wood pretreatment, 4, cutting seedling raising, 5, seedling exercising, 6, transplanting and planting, 7, field management and 8, fruit harvesting. By the adoption of the cuiguan pear cutting cultivation method capable of improving the yield, the survival rate of cutting and the survival rate of transplanting are relatively high, and the quality and yield of cuiguan pears are improved.

Cuiguan pear cutting cultivation method capable of improving yield

The invention discloses a method for cultivating pineapples in a cold avoiding manner, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The method includes steps of preparing and ridging lands; applyingbasic fertilizers; carrying out film mulching; selecting and treating plants; planting the plants; constructing small arch sheds; mounting heating devices; carrying out field management; carrying outfruiting season management. The method has the advantages that the temperatures can be adjusted by means of plastic film mulching, small arch shed constructing, heating device mounting and specific basic fertilizer applying, accordingly, pineapple planting temperature requirements can be met, and effects of cultivating the pineapples in the cold avoiding manner can be realized; limit on pineapplecultivation regions can be broken, the pineapples can be planted in winters, can safely overwinter and can naturally bloom in the winters, and the purpose of planting and producing the pineapples throughout the year can be achieved.

Method for cultivating pineapples in cold avoiding manner

Gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) are indispensable in the process of plant growth and development. Currently, research on the regulatory mechanism of phytohormones in banana dwarfism is mainly focused on GA, and few studies are focused on IAA and BR. In this study, we measured the contents of endogenous GA, IAA and BR and compared the transcriptomes of wild-type Williams banana and its dwarf mutant across five successive growth periods. We investigated the relationship between hormones and banana dwarfism and explored differential gene expression through transcriptome analysis, thus revealing the possible metabolic regulatory mechanism. We inferred a complex regulatory network of banana dwarfing. In terms of endogenous hormone levels, GA and IAA had significant effects on banana dwarfing, while BR had little effect. The key gene in GA biosynthesis of is GA2ox, and the key genes in IAA biosynthesis are TDC and YUCCA. The differential expression of these genes might be the main factor affecting hormone levels and plant height. In terms of hormone signal transduction, DELLA and AUX/IAA repressor proteins were the core regulators of GA and IAA, respectively. They inhibited the process of signal transduction and had feedback regulation on hormone levels. Finally, the transporter protein PIN, AUX1/LAX protein family and ABCB subfamily played supplementary roles in the transport of IAA. These results provide new insights into GA and IAA regulation of banana growth and a reliable foundation for the improvement of dwarf varieties.

/pdf/plant-hormone-metabolome-and-transcriptome-analysis-of-dwarf-5a76otknkn.pdf

Plant Hormone Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Dwarf and Wild-type Banana

The invention belongs to the fruit culture technical field, and specifically relates to a Ficus carica L. culture method comprising the following steps: colonization ditching; shed erecting; colonizing; trimming and shaping; pest control; and fertilizer and water management. The novel Ficus carica L. H-type trimming shaping method can improve ventilation and light transmission of a fruit garden, can fully utilize field natural conditions so as to obtain a reasonable field planting area, thus improving fruit yield, and improving fruit quality; the method allows planting yield to be precise, can greatly improve harvesting and trimming speed, and can reduce labor cost; the H-type trimming shaping method can effectively improve fruit farmer economic benefits, and can reduce cost.

Ficus carica L. culture method

Characterization of full-length transcriptome and mechanisms of sugar accumulation in Annona squamosa fruit

The invention discloses a method for producing winter-period fruits of atemoya, and belongs to the technical field of fruit-tree fruiting-period regulating cultivation The method includes the following steps of 1, cultivating fruiting base shoots; 2, conducting anti-season flower promoting clipping; 3, conducting hand pollination operation; 4, conducting anti-season fruit nursing According to the method, the ecological climate conditions are combined to adjust the flower-promoting clipping time, the fruits can normally grow in winter and mature to be in the market accordingly, and the problems that in the prior art, atemoya production is low in setting fruit rate and relatively small in size, and dehiscent fruits are prone to existing in the soft-ripe stage are solved; meanwhile, the operation technology is simple and easy to carry out, cost is low, and the new method is provided for safety production of the atemoya winter-period fruits in the middle south of Guangxi

Method for producing winter-period fruits of atemoya

The invention provides a method for increasing the content of soluble solids of wax apple fruits and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) applying a fertilizer before blossoming; (2) carrying out topdressing at a flower period; (3) carrying out flower thinning and fruit thinning; (4) pruning and culturing young sprouts; (5) annularly carving a dry basis; (6) applying the fertilizer at a middle fruit period; and (7) controlling moisture at a red-head period. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the content of the soluble solids of the wax apple fruits is increased by 3 degrees Brix when being compared with that of the wax apple fruits cultured by a traditional cultivation method, so that the sweetness of the wax apple fruits is remarkably improved. The method is simple and feasible in operation, medicaments and growth regulators are not used so that safe production is realized and the cost is low; and the taste and flavor of the wax apple fruits can be better and the application prospect is very good.

Method for increasing content of soluble solids of wax apple fruits

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