The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Greenship Interior Space (IS) is a set of criteria established by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) as a rating tool for assessing the interior space of a building. It is mainly used as a guideline that needs to be applied to buildings in order to achieve more sustainable design through energy and resource savings. Hence, it is expected to reduce the building operational costs, improve the users’ health and comfort, as well as to leave the minimum carbon footprint. Greenship IS rating tools consist of several categories, i.e., Appropriate Site Development (ESD), Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), Material and Resources Cycle, Building and Environment Management (BEM), and Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC). As the COVID-19 virus pandemic continues to spread, these categories need to be reviewed. Therefore, green building is not merely for sustainability but also expected could reduce the transmission of the Coronavirus that causes the COVID-19. This disease is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the subject, droplets, and aerosols. This research employed a literature study of Greenship IS adaptation regarding the pandemic situation and followed by the critical analysis that focused on the proposed strategies for the criteria by investigating the cause, prevention, transmission, and impact to the interior space. The adaptation of Greenship IS shows the importance of human health must be achieved apart from the sustainability aspect. From the literature review, it can be concluded that the adaptation of Greenship IS is focused on creating good indoor air quality, appropriate material selection, access to nature for the occupants, maintaining health protocol, and regular disinfection in managing the building to reduce the COVID-19 transmission.

Strategy to Reduce the Covid-19 Transmission through Adaptation of Greenship Interior Space (IS) Criteria

The research discussed the application of indoor health and comfort criteria that needed to be reviewed to create good indoor environmental quality and reduce the transmission of the Covid-19 virus where people spent most of their time indoors A confined area, which was poorly ventilated and reliant on air conditioning, helped transmit the Covid-19 virus easily as air recirculation was the main cause of office clusters One of the categories of Greenship Interior Space, Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC), could be used as a guide for creating better indoor quality The method used for the research was a systematic literature review to define, study, analyze, and classify all available research relating to adaptation of indoor health and comfort criteria to mitigate the transmission in the workplace The results show the adjustment to IHC criteria in IHC 1-10, which focus on providing good air quality by introducing outside air, stopping air recirculation, reducing indoor user capacity, and reducing indoor biological and chemical pollutants To illustrate the implementation of the new normal, Ciputra University workplace was being observed, as the findings of the results, some strategies that are in line with the objectives of IHC 1, IHC 2, and IHC 5 Adjustment of these criteria must be supported by implementing health protocols through basic hygiene routines, fitness screening, and maintaining physical distancing

/pdf/the-adaptation-of-indoor-health-and-comfort-criteria-to-rmwlxenist.pdf

The Adaptation of Indoor Health and Comfort Criteria to Mitigate Covid-19 Transmission in the Workplace

The capacity of the isolation room at the hospital appointed by the Government to treat Covid-19 patients is no longer able to accommodate the positive Covid-19 patients. Positive Covid-19 patients with no symptoms or other signs of worsening physical conditions are advised to do self-quarantine and isolation independently. This self-quarantine/isolation becomes a problem especially in densely populated settlements, especially informal settlements. The case study on this community service activity is an informal settlement located along the Surabaya railroad. Together with the Surabaya ARKOM team as partners, this community service activity conducting field observations with the results that there are still many poor house conditions in this area, the conditions of the houses are tight and not fulfilled the standards of a healthy house, which causes a larger potential spread of Covid-19 virus and makes it impossible to carry out self-isolation in their each homes. The solution offered is to create a communal isolation room module as an emergency isolation room for informal village communities during a pandemic or can be used in other certain emergency conditions with a participatory design method that meets health standards for isolation rooms designed with the easy and fast module applications process. The purpose of this activity is to provide a set of modules for communal quarantine units as prototypes that can be made by the community with a simple system, easily available materials, fast and prioritizing community participation in its assembling.
 
Abstrak: Kapasitas ruang isolasi di Rumah Sakit yang ditunjuk Pemerintah untuk merawat pasien Covid-19 sudah tak mampu menampung membeludaknya pasien positif Covid-19. Pasien positif Covid-19 yang belum mengalami atau bahkan yang tidak menunjukkan gejala penurunan kondisi fisik, dianjurkan untuk melakukan karantina dan perawatan secara mandiri. Karantina secara mandiri ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri untuk permukiman padat penduduk, terutama permukiman informal. Menjadi studi kasus pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah permukiman informal yang berada di tepi kereta api. Bersama tim ARKOM Surabaya sebagai mitra melakukan observasi lapangan dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rumah yang memprihatinkan masih banyak terdapat di area ini, kondisi rumah berdempetan dan tidak sesuai standar rumah sehat inilah yang menyebabkan potensi besar penularan Covid-19 dan tidak memungkinkan untuk melakukan isolasi mandiri di rumah masing-masing. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah membuat modul ruang karantina komunal sebagai ruang karantina darurat bagi masyarakat kampung informal pada masa pandemi atau kondisi darurat tertentu dengan metode desain partisipatif yang memenuhi standar kesehatan untuk sebuah ruang karantina yang didesain dengan proses aplikasi modul yang mudah, murah dan cepat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan modul unit karantina komunal sebagai prototype yang dapat dibuat sendiri oleh masing-masing kampung padat penduduk dengan sistem yang sederhana (portable), material mudah didapat, cepat dan mengedepankan usaha partisipatif masyarakat dalam pembuatannya.

/pdf/modul-unit-karantina-portable-sebagai-fasilitas-pembantu-37to10an1k.pdf

Modul unit karantina portable sebagai fasilitas pembantu ruang isolasi darurat di lingkungan kampung padat penduduk

48. Using Carbon Dioxide as a Tracer Gas to Measure Air Change Rate in a Single Zone

Latar belakang : Sistem tata udara di ruang isolasi dirancang untuk mengurangi/menghilangkan penyebaran agen infeksius dengan cara menciptakan ruangan yang bertekanan negatif dan pergantian udara > 12 Air Change per Hour (ACH) serta menggunakan hepafilter. Studi ini bertujuan menilai sistem tata udara ruang isolasi RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso dalam rangka pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi yang disebabkan oleh airborne diseases . Metode : Studi cross sectional menggunakan data hasil pengukuran volume dan pergantian udara pada 11 kamar isolasi. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak dua kali yaitu pada awal dan setelah waktu pemeliharaan berkala. Data dianalisis mengacu pada standar nasional dan internasional. Hasil : Data volume udara pada pengukuran I, dikoridor: 585,89 M 3 ; anteroom I-XI : -8,52 s/d 49,07 M 3 ; kamar pasien I-XI: 0,1 s/d 11,65 M 3 ; toilet -214,55 s/d -10,29 M 3 . Data pengukuran II, volume udara dikoridor: 259,32 M 3 ; anteroom I-XI : 4,53 s/d 18,13 M 3 ; kamar pasien I-XI: 0,24 s/d 11,65 M 3 ; toilet -69,15 s/d -30,11 M 3 . Aliran udara mengalir dari ruang dengan volume tinggi menuju ke ruang dengan volume lebih rendah. Data pergantian udara pada pengukuran I, kamar pasien I-XI: 6,2 s/d 12,8 ACH. Data pengukuran II, kamar pasien I-XI: 12,11 s/d 12,99 ACH. Pengendalian infeksi semakin efektif dengan pergantian udara > 12 ACH. Kesimpulan : Sistem tata udara berperan penting dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi di ruang isolasi airborne . Hal ini perlu ditunjang dengan pemeliharaan dan pemeriksaan berkala agar besaran volume, pertukaran dan aliran udara sesuai standar

/pdf/peran-sistem-tata-udara-dalam-pencegahan-dan-pengendalian-4uqd5v8aes.pdf

Peran Sistem Tata Udara dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Di Ruang Isolasi Airborne RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2017

Latar belakang : Kualitas udara ruang isolasi  dapat diketahui melalui pengujian sistem tata udara, salah satunya menggunakan gas karbon dioksida (CO 2 ) yang diasumsikan sebagai kontaminan udara. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk meluruhkan konsentrasi CO 2 sebesar 6000 ppm pada suatu ruang tertutup dengan luas maksimal 46 m 2 (500 ft2) adalah 15-20 menit dengan pertukaran udara sebesar 12 ACH. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui besaran tingkat pembersihan kontaminan udara, pergantian udara serta efektivitas ventilasi, filterasi dan resirkulasi udara pada ruang isolasi airborne melalui metode peluruhan CO2. Metode : Uji eksperimental terhadap ruang HCU isolasi airborne di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso pada bulan Oktober 2017 menggunakan gas CO 2 yang disemburkan sejumlah 5127 ppm. Hasil dibaca oleh alat pengukur emitter dalam tiap 30 detik selama 30 menit atau sampai nilai konsentrasi CO 2 awal (baseline) tercapai. Algoritma konsentrasi CO 2 dianalisis regresi linier. Hasil : Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk meluruhkan konsentrasi CO 2 dari 5127 ppm menjadi besaran konsentrasi semula/baseline sebesar 51 ppm adalah 27 menit (0,4 jam). Pergantian udara sebesar 10,1 ACH. Efektivitas ventilasi dan filterasi udara di ruang HCU sejumlah 84.16%. Persamaan garis regresi yang dihasilkan  (Algoritma peluruhan CO 2 ) Y = 8.332 -10.067X . K esimpulan : Besaran tingkat pembersihan kontaminan udara  di ruang HCU isolasi airborne  RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik dengan durasi pembuangan berkisar 27 menit dan pergantian udara sebesar 10,01 ACH, yang berarti bahwa efektivitas ventilasi, filterasi dan resirkulasi udara di ruang HCU sebesar 84,16%.

/pdf/efektivitas-uji-kontaminan-melalui-peluruhan-gas-co2-1xccfal067.pdf

Efektivitas Uji Kontaminan Melalui Peluruhan Gas CO2 Terhadap Ruang HCU Isolasi Airborne di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso

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Peran Sistem Tata Udara dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Di Ruang Isolasi Airborne RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2017

Efektivitas Uji Kontaminan Melalui Peluruhan Gas CO2 Terhadap Ruang HCU Isolasi Airborne di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso