https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/9/3/70/pdf/1

Measuring Spirituality and Religiosity in Clinical Settings: A Scoping Review of Available Instruments

Aim The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to investigate the psychometric properties of the Love of Life Scale (LLS); (b) to explore sex differences in LLS scores; (c) to explore LLS correlations with spiritual health and psychological well-being; and (d) to compare the mean LLS score with previous studies. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods A sample of 191 Iranian psychiatric outpatients was recruited from clinics at the School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), which is affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. They responded to the Farsi versions of the LLS, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS) and the World Health Organization-five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results Cronbach alpha for the LLS was 0.95, and a principal component analysis (PCA) of the LLS items extracted one component labelled "Love of life." The sex difference in LLS scores was not significant. All the correlations between the scales were statistically significant and positive. Patients who had high scores for their love of life had better spiritual health and psychological well-being. Discussion The present sample obtained a lower mean LLS score than college students from eight countries except one. Further research should explore predictors of the love of life.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nop2.575

Love of life and its association with well-being in Iranian psychiatric outpatients.

The aims of the present study were (a) to develop a Love of Life Model for psychiatric outpatients, (b) to explore correlations for love of life with psychological well-being, depression, somatic h...

Love of Life Model: role of psychological well-being, depression, somatic health, and spiritual health

Background: Despite high psychosocial needs that negatively affect the quality of life of adults living with cancer and their family caregivers, there is a lack of interventions that are culturally sensitive to low-income countries. This protocol tests the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of a socio-spiritual intervention to improve the quality of life of adult Nigerians living with cancer and their family caregivers. 
Methods/design: This two-arm trial will recruit 152 adults with cancer and their family caregivers (76 dyads). Participants will be recruited from a clinical facility in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The intervention consists of four weekly face-to-face sessions with a focus on spirituality, social support, and information needs. Control participants will receive usual care. Outcome measures include feasibility, spiritual need, social need, information, cancer health literacy, and quality of life collected at baseline and immediate post-intervention. 
Discussion: Nigeria has the highest rate of extreme poverty globally with high rates of cancer mortality. Testing the feasibility of social-spiritual interventions in resource poor settings is important to establish preliminary efficacy and sustainability. Family-centred interventions for adults living with cancer and their family caregivers can strengthen their coping capabilities. If this intervention is feasible and effective, it could be implemented both in clinical practice and communities in other low and middle income countries

Feasibility of a socio-spiritual intervention to improve quality of life of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

The relationship between spirituality and health has been the object of growing discussion. There is a lack of data on spiritual needs assessments in Brazil.This study aimed to assess the spiritual needs of patients admitted to a public tertiary hospital and perform a comparative analysis between patients with and without indications for palliative care.A cross-sectional observational study included patients hospitalized between August and December 2020 in Hospital do Servidor Publico Municipal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.The included patients answered a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data, the Duke religiosity scale, and the Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) tool for a spiritual needs assessment. The World Health Organization Palliative Needs tool (NECPAL) was used to evaluate the indications for palliative care. The level of significance adopted was 5%.A total of 66 patients were included in this study. Most participants (97%) declared themselves as belonging to a religion. The group without indication for palliative care by the NECPAL showed greater spiritual (P = 0.043) and psychosocial needs (P = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was observed in the religious needs domain (P = 0.176). There were no statistically significant differences in the Duke scale scores between the two groups.Spiritual, psychosocial, and religious needs are prevalent among hospitalized patients, and multidisciplinary teams must consider these needs in their management approach. In addition, this study suggests that psychosocial and spiritual needs can be even higher in patients who do not receive palliative care. 

Spiritual needs among hospitalized patients at a public hospital in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES Spirituality is related to the care and the quality of life of cancer patients. Thus, it is very important to assess their needs. The objective of this study was the translation and cultural adjustment of the Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) questionnaire to the Brazilian Portuguese language. METHODOLOGY The translation and cultural adjustment of the SNAP questionnaire involved six stages: backtranslation, revision of backtranslation, translation to the original language and adjustments, pre-test on ten patients, and test and retest with 30 patients after three weeks. Adult patients, with a solid tumour and literate with a minimum of four years schooling were included. For analysis and consistency we used the calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the Pearson linear correlation. RESULTS The final questionnaire had some language and content adjustments compared to the original version in English. The correlation analysis of each item with the total score of the questionnaire showed coefficients above 0.99. The calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.9. The calculation of the Pearson linear correlation with the test and retest of the questionnaire was equal to 0.95. CONCLUSION The SNAP questionnaire translated into Brazilian Portuguese is adequately reliable and consistent. This instrument allows adequate access to spiritual needs and can help patient care.

/pdf/validation-of-questionnaire-on-the-spiritual-needs-2qfpdq3t1g.pdf

Validation of questionnaire on the Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese

G6PD is the most common enzymatic deficiency in humans,1,2 affecting approximately 5% of the world's population.3 Currently, there are more than 180 reported genetic variants of G6PD and its expression can vary from a mild (class V) to a severe deficiency of the enzyme (class I).3 G6PD deficient erythrocytes have difficulties in handling oxidative stress and, subsequently, are more susceptible to lysis.3 Antimalarials (dapsone, primaquine, methylene blue) are the classic therapeutic agents associated with acute hemolytic anemia but several other drugs are deemed as possible causes of hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients.2,4,5 Until the present moment, little is known about the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in cancer patients, and data regarding the use and safety of chemotherapy treatments in this population in the literature is extremely scarce.6 Here we describe the case of a young man with advanced testicular germ cell tumor treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin).

Chemotherapy in a Patient With G6PD Deficiency and Advanced Testicular Cancer

Phase IV trials, studies conducted in the post-marketing scenario, are usually performed with a large number of patients and heterogeneous populations. They can be used to increase the generalizability of findings from phase III trials, to evaluate uncommon adverse events, and sometimes to assess cost-effectiveness. In oncology, phase IV trials also encompass the concept of “compassionate use”, where patients are given access to new therapies when enrollment in clinical trials is not feasible. Recently, regulatory agencies have started requesting phase IV studies for approved drugs; however, only 25% of marketed drugs go beyond mandatory phase III trials. Several study designs have been described for phase IV trials, but this is still a sparsely regulated area.

Phase IV Trials: Interventional and Non-interventional Studies

Background Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) is a rare and severe complication from carcinoid syndrome which may be associated with high health resource utilisation (HRU). We aimed to compare HRU between patients with and without CHD. Methods Multicentre retrospective study of 137 consecutive patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid treated in seven large hospitals in Latin America. We used the chi-squared test for binary variables and the Mann-Whitney test for quantitative correlations. Variables were entered into a multivariable linear regression model for higher HRU. Results One-third of the patients had (45) had CHD. Patients with CHD had significantly more emergency visits and echocardiograms as compared to patients without CHD. In the bivariate models, CHD (R2 = 0.61, p = 0.01), private health system (R 2 = 0.63, p = 0.02) and simultaneous cardiovascular comorbidities (R 2 = 0.61, p = 0.04) were associated with a higher HRU. The multivariate model pointed out the accumulated effect of variables on HRU (R 2 = 0.2, p Conclusions NET patients with CHD present higher HRU independently of other clinical factors or health system. Effectively treating carcinoid syndrome, and likely delaying the onset of CHD, may potentially reduce the amount of HRU by these patients.

/pdf/health-resource-utilisation-by-patients-with-neuroendocrine-4e8hz4i20o.pdf

Health resource utilisation by patients with neuroendocrine tumours with or without carcinoid heart disease: a multinational study.

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Validation of questionnaire on the Spiritual Needs Assessment for Patients (SNAP) questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese

Chemotherapy in a Patient With G6PD Deficiency and Advanced Testicular Cancer

Phase IV Trials: Interventional and Non-interventional Studies

Health resource utilisation by patients with neuroendocrine tumours with or without carcinoid heart disease: a multinational study.