A field experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2009 to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management through vermicompost, urea and Azotobacter on yield and economic of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz]. The result revealed that application of 100 per cent RDN (75% through urea and 25% through vermicompost) significantly increased the growth, yield attributing characters and yield of pearl millet however, it was at par with 100 per cent RDN through urea. Inoculation of seed with Azotobacter also resulted significantly higher plant height at time of harvest, yield attributing characters and yield. Interaction effect between nitrogen management and bio–fertilizer was found significant in case of grain and straw yield. Application of 100 per cent RDN through 75 per cent urea and 25 per cent vermicompost along with seed treatment with Azotobacter recorded higher grain and straw yield however, the straw yield was at par with that of treatment 100 per cent RDN through urea with Azotobacter inoculation. Same treatment recorded higher net return and benefit : cost ratio.

/pdf/effect-of-integrated-nitrogen-management-and-bio-fertilizer-3joedo0ha7.pdf

Effect of integrated nitrogen management and bio-fertilizer in Kharif pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 118, NO. 3, 10 FEBRUARY 2020 448 *For correspondence. (e-mail: rajat_sharma@hotmail.com) 13. Saravanan, V., Parthiban, K. T., Thirunirai, R., Kumar, P., Vennila, S. and Umesh Kanna, S., Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of Melia dubia with Tectona grandis at different age gradation. Res. J. Rec. Sci., 2014, 3, 256– 263. 14. Nguyen, V. L., Estimation of biomass for calculating carbon storage and CO2 sequestration using remote sensing technology in Yok Don National Park, Central Highlands of Vietnam. J. Vietnam. Environ., 2012, 3(1), 14–18. 15. Pandya, I. Y., Salvi, H., Chahar, O. and Vaghela, N., Quantitative analysis on carbon storage of 25 valuable tree species of Gujarat, incredible India. Indian J. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(1), 137. 16. Carmi, I., Kronfeld, J. and Moinester, M., Sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide as inorganic carbon in the unsaturated zone under semi-arid forests, 2017, arXiv:1702.05249. 17. Tripathi, M. and Joshi, H., Carbon flow in Delhi urban forest ecosystems. Scholars Res. Libr., 2015, 6(8), 13–17. 18. Ashalatha, A, Divya, M. P. and Ajayghosh, V., Development of suitable Melia dubia based agroforestry models for higher productivity. Madras Agric. J., 2015, 102(7–9), 264–267. 19. Vanlalngurzauva, T., Dhara, P. K., Banerjee, H. and Maiti, S., Growth and productivity of different intercrops grown under gamhar (Gmelina arborea) based agro forestry system. Indian J. Agrofor., 2010, 12, 105–108. 20. Rizvi, R. H., Dhyani, S. K., Yadav, R. S. and Singh, R., Biomass production and carbon stock of poplar agroforestry systems in Yamunanagar and Saharanpur districts of northwestern India. Curr. Sci., 2011, 100(5), 736–742. 21. Saravanan, V., Parthiban, K. T., Kumar, P. and Marimuthu, P., Wood characterization studies on Melia dubia cav. for pulp and paper industry at different age gradation. Res. J. Rec. Sci., 2013, 2, 183–188. 22. Deswal, A. K. and Nandal, D. P. S., Growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under varying levels of irrigation and fertilizer in eucalyptus based agri-silviculture system. Indian J. Agrofor., 2008, 10(1), 10–14. 23. Prasad, J. V. N. S. et al., On-farm evaluation of two fast growing trees for biomass production for industrial use in Andhra Pradesh, southern India. New For., 2011, 42(1), 51–61. 24. Kumar, A., Kumar, M., Nandal, D. P. S. and Kaushik, N., Performance of wheat and mustard under Eucalyptus tereticornis based agri-silviculture system. Range Manage. Agrofor., 2013, 34(2), 192–195. 25. Pratap, R., Sharma, O. P. and Yadav, G. L., Effect of integrated nutrient management under varying levels of zinc on pearl millet yield. Ann. Arid Zone, 2008, 47(2), 197–199. 26. Anand, G. P., Mangesh and Rajkumar, M., Integrated nutrient management in carrot (Daucus Carota L.) under northeastern transitional track of Karnataka. Bioscan, 2016, 11(1), 271–273. 27. Patel, P. R., Patel, B. J., Vyas, K. G. and Yadav, B. L., Effect of integrated nitrogen management and bio-fertilizer in kharif pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Adv. Res. J. Crop Improve., 2014, 5(2), 122–125. 28. Dey, A. N., Mohanty, T. L. and Patra, S. N., Economic analysis of bamboo based agroforestry system in eastern and south eastern central plains of Orissa. Department of Forestry, Uttar Banga, Krishi Viswavidhalaya, Punidiburi, Cooch Behar (West Bengal). Indian J. For., 2007, 30, 279–282.

/pdf/energy-use-pattern-in-wheat-crop-production-system-among-3ovkzi7ozr.pdf

Energy use pattern in wheat crop production system among different farmer groups of the Himalayan Tarai region

The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative energy source presents a promising opportunity to achieve a future energy system that is clean and free from CO2 emissions. To realize this potential, it is crucial to develop effective techniques for converting biomass and organic solid waste into secondary energy sources. Among the available options, hydrogen production stands out due to its numerous advantages, including its cleanliness, versatility in conversion and utilization technologies, high energy efficiency, and dense energy content per unit weight. This article offers a comprehensive overview of different conversion pathways and important technologies for generating hydrogen from biomass and organic solid waste. It specifically focuses on the thermochemical conversion process, which shows promise as an economically viable approach. While certain thermochemical conversion processes are still in the developmental phase, utilizing organic biomass for hydrogen production is widely recommended due to its ability to yield higher amounts of end products and its compatibility with existing facilities. However, it should be noted that this method necessitates a substantial amount of energy due to its endothermic nature. This article also explores alternative hydrogen conversion technologies and their potential for utilizing organic biomass as a feedstock, while addressing the challenges and limitations associated with these methods. 

A Review on Advanced Processes of Biohydrogen Generation from Lignocellulosic Biomass with Special Emphasis on Thermochemical Conversion

Abstract Enhancing our understanding of carbon (C) stock in diverse horticulture and fruit-based agroforestry systems has potential to provide farmers with supplementary advantages in terms of poverty alleviation and livelihood development which can significantly benefit C market initiatives like UN-REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation). Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the biomass accumulation, C storage and economic efficacy of seven agro-ecosystems, namely guava-based agri-horticulture system (AHS), mango-AHS, guava- pure orchard (PO), mango-PO, Indian gooseberry -PO, teak boundary plantation (TBP) and annual cropping system (ACS) under two different landscape positions viz ., upland and lowland in the semi-arid region of Vindhyan ranges. The result indicated that mango-AHS accumulated significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) higher biomass (26.01 t ha −1 ) and vegetation C density (13.01 t C ha −1 ) whereas, soil (35.23 t C ha −1 ), litter (0.64 t C ha −1 ), and total C density (46.63 t C ha −1 ) was maximum under mango-PO closely followed by mango-AHS. The guava-PO system exhibited significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) higher C sequestration (2.11 t C ha −1 yr −1 ), and CO 2 abatement (7.76 t CO 2 ha −1 yr −1 ) rate compared to other systems with C credit generation of 129.76 US$ ha −1 year −1 . However, mango-AHS was the most lucrative system providing net returns of 4835.48 US$ ha −1 yr −1 and 5.87 benefit–cost ratio. The C credits help in getting farmers an additional income; however, the economic impact of C credit was low (1.16–6.80%) when weighed against the overall economic efficacy of the different systems. Overall, the study concluded that farmers in the region should adopt fruit-based systems, especially agroforestry systems to establish mutually beneficial relationships between mitigation of climate change and livelihood stability. Graphical Abstract 

Carbon storage and economic efficiency of fruit-based systems in semi-arid region: a symbiotic approach for sustainable agriculture and climate resilience

Pesticide application plays a major role in environmental hazards associated with over application and off-target movement of toxic pesticides from inefficient spray application. The introduction of electrically charged sprays for agricultural application can provide greater control of droplet transport with impending reduction of wastage. The study aims to compare the efficacy of electrostatic sprayer on pest control in comparison with mist blower (air assisted sprayer) and air compression sprayer (hydraulic sprayer). Six pests were viz. pumpkin beetle, cowpea aphid, cucurbit fruit fly, brinjal mealy bug, caterpillar and chilli mite were selected based on specific characteristics viz. integumental, movement and ecological niche. Energy use efficiency in production and application of pesticides used by different sprayers for the control of selected pests were quantified based on application efficiency of sprayers, Pre and Post pest count and the reoccurrence of pest infestation after spray. The energy use efficiency of electrostatic sprayer was found to be 1.5 times more than that of mist blower and 2 times more than that of air compression Original Research Article Aneesha et al.; CJAST, 39(19): 76-85, 2020; Article no.CJAST.58977 77 sprayers. In the chemical usage by electrostatic sprayer was reduced by 65 per cent and that of knapsack mist blower was 35 per cent with air compression sprayers. The post pest count was almost nil in all the categories of pest while applying with electrostatic sprayer and the reoccurrence of the pest to the threshold level was minimum. This contributed a significant increase in energy use efficiency of electrostatic sprayer, when it considered globally.

/pdf/energy-use-efficacy-of-different-sprayers-on-crop-pest-333lyfb1f9.pdf

Energy Use Efficacy of Different Sprayers on Crop Pest Management

Increasing demand and rapid depletion of fossil fuels have together prompted the researchers of many countries to look for alternate renewable fuels. This study is an attempt to test the feasibility of rice bran oil as fuel in C. I. engine in its original and in its refined form. It is generally produced from rice bran which is a by-product produced during paddy processing. Its viscosity though relatively higher than diesel can be reduced by natural sedimentation process. In this attempt, the performance and emission characteristics of rice bran oil and its refined form were studied and compared with diesel by employing them as a fuel in a single cylinder, direct injection, 4.4 KW, air cooled diesel engine. The performance characteristics revealed that the brake thermal efficiency of the rice bran oil was higher than its refined form and were marginally lower than that of diesel. Emission measurements were carried out using MRU Delta 1600L gas analyzer and the soot concentration was measured with AVL smoke meter. It was found that though blends of rice bran oil with ethanolexhibited greater soot concentration characteristics than rice bran oil and diesel at all loads, it exhibited desirable characteristics for other emissions such as lower CO, HC, NOx emissions and lower exhaust gas temperatures with increasing load.

/pdf/emission-characteristics-of-methyl-ester-of-rice-bran-oil-1e9c8tn7tl.pdf

Emission Characteristics of Methyl Ester of Rice Bran Oil Blends with Ethanol in CI Engine

Activated charcoal (AC) is a carbonaceous material with high surface area due to high degree of micro-porosity which makes it a very versatile adsorbent for utilization in industrial, medicinal, environmental and other fields. Ligno-cellulosic biomass (eg. pine needles, paddy stubbles, other waste agricultural residue) can be a prominent raw material for activated bio-char due to its abundance, slow decomposition (which lead to fire/ air pollution). The main factors which affect the AC characteristics (surface area, micropore volume, mesopore volume) are biomass properties, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time. The specific surface area, micropore, mesopore decreases after optimum value with continually increase in impregnation ratio and impregnation time. The activation temperature and impregnation ratio also affect the AC yield significantly. Sorption capacity get affected by adsorbent doses, contact time, agitation speed, adsorption temperature due to availability of active binding sites, adsorptive forces/ bonds.

/pdf/a-review-on-preparation-and-characterization-of-activated-g2bmrxedui.pdf

A Review on Preparation and Characterization of Activated Bio-Char

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Energy use pattern in wheat crop production system among different farmer groups of the Himalayan Tarai region

Emission Characteristics of Methyl Ester of Rice Bran Oil Blends with Ethanol in CI Engine

A Review on Preparation and Characterization of Activated Bio-Char