The persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) extends from the internal carotid artery to the basilar artery between the origins of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery. PPTAs have complex anatomical characteristics. Salas and Saltzman classifications are most often used in PPTAs. The PPTA can play many roles in vascular lesions, including intracranial aneurysms, brain arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal artery-cavernous fistulas, Moyamoya disease, and large vessel occlusion. For these lesions, surgical treatment is difficult due to the deep location and complex anatomy of the PPTA, but endovascular treatment (EVT) has emerged as a good alternative. Currently, a complete review of the clinical importance of the PPTA in terms of its role in the development and EVT of vascular lesions is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a PubMed search, performed a review of the relevant extracted literature and cataloged our experience with PPTAs. By review, we found that a thorough understanding of the anatomical and angiographic features of this PPTA is of utmost importance when making therapeutic decisions for any of these pathological conditions.

/pdf/clinical-importance-of-the-persistent-primitive-trigeminal-3s0ii7y7.pdf

Clinical Importance of the Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery in Vascular Lesions and Its Role in Endovascular Treatment

The equations of energy balance and heat conductivity are queried by introducing known parameters using virtual mathematical experimentation. Distribution of temperature by layers in depth for samples of superconducting material is obtained under different conditions. The structural defect at different state-liquid and solid was analyzed. The theoretical model generated was validated by experimental data. The temperature distribution under the irradiating laser intensity (0.45 W) shows an effective decay rate probability density function that is peculiar to the concept of photoluminescence.

Profiling Laser-Induced Temperature Fields for Superconducting Materials Using Mathematical Experimentation

The equations of energy balance and heat conductivity are queried by introducing known parameters using virtual
mathematical experimentation. Distribution of temperature by layers in depth for samples of superconducting
material is obtained under different conditions. The structural defect at different state-liquid and solid was analyzed.
The theoretical model generated was validated by experimental data. The temperature distribution under the
irradiating laser intensity (0.45 W) shows an effective decay rate probability density function that is peculiar to the
concept of photoluminescence.

Profiling Laser-Induced Temperature Fieldsfor Superconducting Materials UsingMathematical Experimentation

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the propagation of double exponential and Gaussian ultra-short pulses in fused-silica core-clad optical fibers has been presented. The present study has taken the non-linear propagation parameters from Schrodinger’s equation and for silica fiber into consideration. The analysis has been carried out for single-mode and multi-mode fibers, to study the effects of variation in pulse parameters and it has been observed that the double-exponential pulses have a bandwidth-efficiency ~23% over Gaussian pulses and may be useful as femtosecond-laser pulse shapes. It is found that double exponential pulses offer more resistance to dispersive effects than Gaussian pulses at longer distances and retain more power levels for higher input powers, while Gaussian pulses continue to decay. Finally, rapid decay in double-exponential pulses may make them suitable for time-and-wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PON) applications in optical communication.

An Investigation of Transmission Properties of Double-Exponential Pulses in Core-Clad Optical Fibers for Communication Application

Abstract. If we transmit more than a single pulse at a time inside the optical fiber then we have to maintain the minimum separation (6 ps) between the consecutive pulses. Interactions of solitons are studied using the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which models nonlinear optical pulses in a single mode fiber. The main objective of this paper is to show the minimum separation of 6ps must require between two soliton pulses to increase the information carrying capacity of the fiber

http://www.ijsrpub.com/uploads/papers/IJSRIN/IJSRIN-Jul-Dec2013/IJSRIN-13-03.pdf

Analysis of Soliton Interaction in Optical Fiber Communication

A male in his early teens presented with redness of the right eye following a fall. This redness was progressive and increased suddenly over the week prior to presentation. Fundus evaluation revealed an exudative retinal detachment, and a bruit was audible over the right eye. A digital subtraction angiogram revealed the cause to be a ruptured persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm causing a carotid-cavernous fistula like haemodynamic situation with a massively dilated superior ophthalmic vein. Curative embolisation was done using both vertebrobasilar and carotid approach, and the aneurysm as well as the fistula was occluded using detachable coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue. Patient made a complete recovery in his proptosis and chemosis over 8 weeks, with significant improvement of his visual acuity. The key to successful outcome in this case was a complete occlusion with thrombosis of the fistula bed that can only be achieved using a combination of coils and liquid embolic agents.

Successful closure of trigemino-cavernous fistula with minimally invasive approach

The main aim of this paper is to implement the combine effect of linearity and nonlinearity in optical fiber that generate a stable, undistorted pulse called “soliton”. Analysis of first, second and third order soliton pulse propagation are done by modifying the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE).Further we have found that power requirement for transmitting fundamental order soliton, second order and third order are 83.3mW, 333.3mW and 750mW respectively. In which power of 83.3mW is appropriate for soliton pulse to maintain least loss during the propagation in optical fiber.

/pdf/dynamics-of-soliton-pulse-inside-optical-fiber-4hr4e8o7dx.pdf

Dynamics of soliton pulse inside optical fiber

711 A 25‐year‐old male presented with sudden onset right hemiparesis. He did not have any vascular risk factors or any family history of stroke. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed a left‐sided gangliocapsular hemorrhage [Figure 1]. Cerebral three‐dimensional (3D) rotational angiography showed an aneurysm (2.9 × 3.3 mm2) in the distal part of the lateral lenticulostriate branch of the left middle cerebral artery [Figure 2]. As the patient did not give consent, we decided to follow up. We treated him with tranexamic acid 1 g/day and performed another angiography after 2 weeks, which showed aneurysm growth (3 .7 × 4 .6 mm 2) [F igure 3 ] . The patient gave consent for embolization after 5 days, but a repeat cerebral angiography showed spontaneous resolution of the aneurysm, possibly because of thrombosis [Figure 4]. Lenticulostriate artery (LSA) aneurysms distal to origin from the middle cerebral artery are relatively uncommon, and only 112 cases were described in the literature up to date.[1] LSAs being end arteries supply the basal ganglia and internal capsule and are prone to rupture. Aneurysms arising from LSAs may be saccular or fusiform and may present commonly with intra‐parenchymal bleed, although sub‐arachnoid and intra‐ventricular hemorrhage have been sparsely reported.[2] Hemodynamic forces coupled with structural factors are thought to play important roles in their development. Systemic hypertension and other vascular abnormalities such as aneurysms in other vascular territories, arteriovenous malformation, Moyamoya disease, and vasculitis predispose to the formation of these aneurysms.[3] In non‐hypertensive young patients with deep intra‐cerebral hemorrhage, LSA aneurysms should be ruled out and structural abnormalities should not be dismissed even in the presence of hypertension in elderly patients.[4] These aneurysms may remain undetected on initial angiograms because of their deep‐seated location and small size. Both surgical and endovascular management Spontaneous Resolution of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm

Spontaneous Resolution of a Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm


 
 
 Tenecteplase is used as an alternative to alteplase and is considered noninferior for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.
 
 
 
 To compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of tenecteplase and alteplase in the real-world management of acute ischemic stroke.
 
 
 
 In this retrospective observational study, we collected data from acute ischemic stroke patients admitted in six hospitals in West Bengal, India, and were thrombolysed with tenecteplase or alteplase between July 2021 and June 2022. Demographic data, baseline parameters, hospital course, and 3-month follow-up data were collected. The percentage of patients achieving a score of 0–2 in the modified Ranking scale at 3 months, rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and all-cause mortality within 3 months were the main parameters of comparison between the two thrombolytic agents.
 
 
 
 A total of 162 patients were initially included in this study. Eight patients were excluded due to unavailability of follow-up data. Among the remaining patients, 71 patients received tenecteplase and 83 patients received alteplase. There was no statistically significant difference between tenecteplase and alteplase with respect to the percentage of patients achieving functional independence (modified Rankin scale score 0–2) at 3 months (53.5% vs. 60.2%, P = 0.706), rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (5.6% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.246), and all-cause mortality at 3 months (11.3% vs. 15.7%, P = 0.628).
 
 
 
 The effectiveness of tenecteplase is comparable to alteplase in the real-world management of acute ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and all-cause mortality rates are also similar in real-world practice.


Comparative Analysis of Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multicentric Observational Study from Eastern India

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