Robot-assisted surgical procedures have gained much coverage in recent years and favored over manually conducted operations. The medical robots are comprised of manipulators arm that is the multi-d...

Performance investigation of PID controller in trajectory control of two-link robotic manipulator in medical robots

A novel modular arc-linear flux-switching permanent-magnet motor (MAL-FSPM) used for scanning system instead of reduction gearboxes and kinematic mechanisms is proposed and researched in this paper by the finite element method (FEM). The MAL-FSPM combines characteristics of flux-switching permanent-magnet motor and linear motor and can realize the direct driving and limited angular movement. Structure and operation principle of the MAL-FSPM are analyzed. Cogging torque model of the MAL-FSPM is established. The characteristics of cogging torque and torque ripple are investigated for: (1) distance (dend) between left end of rotor and left end of stator is more than two rotor tooth pitch (τp); and (2) dend is less than two rotor tooth pitch. Cogging torque is an important component of torque ripple and the period ratio of the cogging torque to the back electromotive force (EMF) equals one for the MAL-FSPM before optimization. In order to reduce the torque ripple as much as possible and affect the back EMF as little as possible, influence of period ratio of cogging torque to back EMF on rotor step skewing is investigated. Rotor tooth width and stator slot open width are optimized to increase the period ratio of cogging torque to back EMF. After the optimization, torque ripple is decreased by 79.8% for dend > τp and torque ripple is decreased by 49.7% for dend < τp. Finally, 3D FEM model is established to verify the 2D results.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/6/404/pdf

Torque Ripple Reduction of a Novel Modular Arc-Linear Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motor with Rotor Step Skewing

The objective of this paper is to design a controller which is able to control the output angle for an upper limb of a robotic arm, for precision motion and high speed response.  The aim is to optimize the best controller for an upper limb robotic arm system for precision motion, in which improper motion will results in injuries/ fatality and loss of production in manufacturing system. In this research, a robotic arm prototype with a 1 degree-of-freedom (DOF) was designed and fabricated, in which the DC geared motor was implemented.  Studies are carried out based on previous research to investigate the suitable type of controller. PID controller and fuzzy logic controller are chosen and compared in terms of their performances such as the steady-state error, settling time, rise time and overshoot. The equipment’s used are Micro-Box 2000/2000C, Cytron DC geared motor, motor driver circuit. Micro-Box module acts as the interface between hardware component and MATLAB R2009a. Open-loop simulations are carried out to obtain the transfer function of the motor and substituted into the system for further simulation analysis. Simulation for the uncompensated system is carried out to observe the close-loop system characteristic without the controller. After that, the close-loop point-to-point (PTP) trajectory control for simulations & experiments are carried out for the compensated systems using PID controller based on the Ziegler-Nichols frequency response method. Analyses are made based on the results obtained and the best type of controller is chosen for achieving precise motion control for the upper limb robotic arm. In this paper, the PID controller shows better performances compared to the Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) with the steady state error of less than 0.01 0 and settling time of 0.5s; for the input reference of 15 0 respectively.

Point-to-point (ptp) control performances of an upper limb robotic arm

—In this paper, a 2-DOF robotic manipulator is controlled to track motion of its endeffector in a plane using brushless DC motor as an actuator. Two brushless DC motor are used to actuate the each of two revolute joints of the 2-DOF robotic manipulator. To control the angular position of robotic arm fuzzy controller is used. To generate the Smooth trajectory for joint angle of robotic manipulator, cubic polynomial equation is used. The link lengths for two links and time for tracking is specified. It is shown that the end-effector of the manipulator reaches from initial to final co-ordinate , in specified time.

Modelling and Control of 2-DOF Robotic Manipulator Using BLDC Motor

This paper presents work towards a formal framework to support model-based integrated design and optimization of mechatronic products for early-phase conceptual design. This paper describes an integrated design framework through the introduction of its software implementation and a specific use case. The contribution is to introduce mathematical formalism to define the concepts, semantics, computation rules and system architectures of the formal framework. The advantage of the formal definitions is to clearly expose functionality and the limitations of the design framework and facilitate the software implementation. The modelling capability of the framework is enhanced to include non-linear mechatronic components, such as a two degrees-of-freedom arm. Further, an optimal proportional-integral-derivative control component is added to the software library supporting the framework.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00368504211037460

Towards a formal framework for integrated design-optimization and control of mechatronicsystems.

In this paper, a 2-DOF robotic manipulator is controlled to track the motion of object in a plane using brushless DC motor as an actuator. Two brushless DC motor are used to actuate the each of two revolute joints of the 2-DOF robotic manipulator. To control the angular position of robotic arm fuzzy PD controller is used. To generate the Smooth trajectory for joint angle of robotic manipulator, cubic polynomial equation is used. The link lengths for two links and time for tracking is specified. It is shown that the end-effector of the manipulator reaches from initial to final co-ordinate of the object in specified time.

Control of 2-DOF robotic manipulator using brushless DC motor to track the motion of object in a plane

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Control of 2-DOF robotic manipulator using brushless DC motor to track the motion of object in a plane