Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: a critical perspective

Actinomycetes benefaction role in soil and plant health

Genetically engineered whole-cell sensing systems: coupling biological recognition with reporter genes.

During 1914 to 1939, Selman A. Waksman had been consistently systematically screening soil bacteria and fungi to find an antibiotic for tuberculosis. In 1939, he discovers the effect of certain fungi specially actinomycetes on bacterial growth. In 1940, he was able to isolate an effective T.B. antibiotic, actinomycin and for this he got success in 1944, with the discovery of Spectromycin.For all this work in 1952, he got the Noble prize in physiological & medicine. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 801-832 http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-3-2/Mukesh%20Sharma.pdf

Actinomycetes: Source, Identification, and Their Applications

Abstract An almost exhaustive overview of the determination and remediation of p-nitrophenol (p-NP)-contaminated media is herein presented. p-NP is one of the priority pollutants on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency list. This is because p-NP is either a precursor or a derivative of a good number of pollutants. It is itself very carcinogenic and tends to persist in water and soil. This has prompted the development of a wide range of analytical tools by researchers for its determination and eventual removal from contaminated sites. These include electrochemical methods with many electrode modifiers and electroanalytical procedures developed for the detection/quantification of p-NP in contaminated environments. Also, chromatographic and p-NP uptake techniques, particularly adsorption onto various adsorbents (ranging from natural to synthetic), are reviewed. The use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of p-NP-contaminated samples and sites has equally been largely studied and is herein overviewed, not forgetting advanced oxidative processes.

/pdf/p-nitrophenol-determination-and-remediation-an-overview-1h61pu08m5.pdf

p-Nitrophenol determination and remediation: an overview

The green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was introduced into a p-nitrophenol-metabolizing strain of Moraxella sp. by chromosomal integration. The gfp-marked transformants, designated Moraxella sp. strains G21 and G25, exhibited green fluorescence under UV light. Molecular characterization by PCR and Southern hybridization showed the presence of gfp in both transformants. Both transformants and the parent strain degraded 720 μM of p-nitrophenol with nitrite release within 4 h after inoculation in minimal medium supplemented with yeast extract. Transformants degraded up to 1440 μM p-nitrophenol and mineralized about 60% of 720 μM p-nitrophenol, both in broth and in soil, to the same extent as the parent strain. Insertion of gfp did not adversely affect the expression of p-nitrophenol-degrading genes in the transformants. Survival studies indicated that individual green fluorescent colonies of transformants can be detected up to 2 weeks after inoculation in soil. These marked strains could be of value in studies on microbial survival in the environment.

Green fluorescent protein as a visual marker in a p-nitrophenol degrading Moraxella sp.

A case study of bioremediation of polluted soil: biodegradation and toxicity of chlorophenols in soil.

Pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas sp. UG30 and Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strains RA2 and ATCC 39723 can transform p-nitrophenol in either mineral salts-glutamate or mineral salts-glucose medium after an initial lag period. However, mineralization of p-nitrophenol by these bacterial strains was observed only in mineral salts-glucose medium. When p-nitrophenol was the sole nitrogen source in the growth medium, UG30 mineralized 32% of 140 mM [14C]p-nitrophenol which was 10% higher than the amount of [14C]p-nitrophenol mineralized in mineral salts-glucose medium. UG30 did not transform or mineralize p-nitrophenol (in a growth medium) in the absence of glucose or glutamate. All three strains released nitrite during p-nitrophenol degradation in mineral salts-glucose medium and mineral salts-glutamate medium. The transformation rate of p-nitrophenol by UG30 was dependent on the initial p-nitrophenol concentration, with the optimal rate being found at 310 μM of p-nitrophenol and inhibition observed at ≥1100 μM of p-nitrophenol. Pre-exposure of UG30 cells to p-nitrophenol eliminated the initial lag phase of p-nitrophenol transformation. However, pre-growth of UG30 cells on pentachlorophenol did not reduce the lag period for p-nitrophenol transformation. Both p-nitrophenol- and pentachlorophenol-induced UG30 cells degraded pentachlorophenol without any lag phase. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture suggested 4-nitrocatechol was an intermediate of p-nitrophenol transformation by UG30.

Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas spp.

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Green fluorescent protein as a visual marker in a p-nitrophenol degrading Moraxella sp.

A case study of bioremediation of polluted soil: biodegradation and toxicity of chlorophenols in soil.

Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas spp.