Meta-analytic procedures for social research

Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects.

One of the most pervasive effects of traumatic exposure is the challenge that people experience to their existential beliefs concerning the meaning and purpose of life. Particularly at risk is the strength of their religious faith and the comfort that they derive from it. The purpose of this study is to examine a model of the interrelationships among veterans' traumatic exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), guilt, social functioning, change in religious faith, and continued use of mental health services. Data are drawn from studies of outpatient (N = 554) and inpatient (N = 831) specialized treatment of PTSD in Department of Veterans Affairs programs. Structural equation modeling is used to estimate the parameters of the model and evaluate its goodness of fit to the data. The model achieved acceptable goodness of fit and suggested that veterans' experiences of killing others and failing to prevent death weakened their religious faith, both directly and as mediated by feelings of guilt. Weakened religious faith and guilt each contributed independently to more extensive use of VA mental health services. Severity of PTSD symptoms and social functioning played no significant role in the continued use of mental health services. We conclude that veterans' pursuit of mental health services appears to be driven more by their guilt and the weakening of their religious faith than by the severity of their PTSD symptoms or their deficits in social functioning. The specificity of these effects on service use suggests that a primary motivation of veterans' continuing pursuit of treatment may be their search for a meaning and purpose to their traumatic experiences. This possibility raises the broader issue of whether spirituality should be more central to the treatment of PTSD, either in the form of a greater role for pastoral counseling or of a wider inclusion of spiritual issues in traditional psychotherapy for PTSD.

Trauma, change in strength of religious faith, and mental health service use among veterans treated for PTSD.

Risky sexual behavior and substance use among adolescents: A meta-analysis

Transitions and turning points: examining the links between child maltreatment and juvenile offending.

Many studies have examined predictors of recidivism among adolescent detainees. A recent meta-analysis of these predictors indicated that child maltreatment is associated with recidivism. This study expanded on prior work on this topic by using a well-validated self-report instrument to assess abuse and neglect experiences. Results revealed that emotional neglect predicted recidivism during a 6-month follow-up period. Implications and limitations of the findings as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.

Child maltreatment and recidivism among adolescent detainees

Marijuana use and HIV risk among adolescent offenders: the moderating effect of age.

This study examines the association between marijuana use and unprotected sexual intercourse among adolescent detainees. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in a juvenile court setting as the detainees waited to be released to their parents' custody. Analyses that controlled for relevant covariates indicated that the association between marijuana use and unprotected sexual intercourse in a specific event was moderated by the respondents'age at the time of the event. Marijuana use was associated with a higher occurrence of unprotected sexual intercourse for detainees who were relatively young when the event occurred. These findings provide meaningful information that can be used to inform future research as well as interventions with adolescent detainees.

Marijuana Use and Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescent Detainees: An Event Analysis

This study focused on sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among 272 adolescent offenders. The respondents were interviewed while they were being detained in a short-term holding facility. Female respondents reported more sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress than did their male counterparts. Furthermore, church attendance moderated the association between sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among the male respondents. Implications of these findings for research and interventions with adolescent offenders are discussed.

Sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among adolescent offenders.

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Child maltreatment and recidivism among adolescent detainees

Marijuana use and HIV risk among adolescent offenders: the moderating effect of age.

Marijuana Use and Unprotected Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescent Detainees: An Event Analysis

Sexual abuse victimization and psychological distress among adolescent offenders.