There are two kinds of tutorial articles: those that provide a primer on an established topic and those that let us in on the ground floor of something of emerging importance. The first type of tutorial can have a noted expert who has been gracious (and brave) enough to write a field guide about a particular topic. The other sort of tutorial typically involves researchers who have each been laboring on a topic for some years. Both sorts of tutorial articles are very much desired. But we, as an editorial board for both Systems and Transactions, know that there has been no logical place for them in the AESS until this series was started several years ago. With these tutorials, we hope to continue to give them a home, a welcome, and provide a service to our membership. We do not intend to publish tutorials on a regular basis, but we hope to deliver them once or twice per year. We need and welcome good, useful tutorial articles (both kinds) in relevant AESS areas. If you, the reader, can offer a topic of interest and an author to write about it, please contact us. Self-nominations are welcome, and even more ideal is a suggestion of an article that the editor(s) can solicit. All articles will be reviewed in detail. Criteria on which they will be judged include their clarity of presentation, relevance, and likely audience, and, of course, their correctness and scientific merit. As to the mathematical level, the articles in this issue are a good guide: in each case the author has striven to explain complicated topics in simple-well, tutorial-terms. There should be no (or very little) novel material: the home for archival science is the Transactions Magazine, and submissions that need to be properly peer reviewed would be rerouted there. Likewise, articles that are interesting and descriptive, but lack significant tutorial content, ought more properly be submitted to the Systems Magazine.

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The residual 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in fruits poses a serious threat to human health. The continuous deposition of 2,4‐D in the body may cause symptoms such as cancer or Alzheimer's disease, therefore, it is of great significance for the detection of 2,4‐D traces on fruits. In this paper, we proposed a simple “paste‐collect‐test” strategy based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy via tape sampling (SERS‐tape sampling). The flexibility and stickiness of commercial tapes were combined with the excellent activity of optimized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for rapid trace detection of pesticides in cherry tomatoes. The first two steps of “paste” and “collect” were completed by the tape to simplify the sampling procedure of the analyte molecules, and the “test” step was accomplished by deposing Ag NPs on the surface of the tape after analyte collection. The whole process was completed in a few minutes. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of 2,4‐D in cherry tomatoes was 3.63 × 10−10 M with the SERS‐tape sampling approach, which is much lower than the maximum residue limit specified by the European Union (EU). This simple and easy‐to‐operate method is highly sensitive and could be a promise of 2,4‐D for food safety.

Rapid and sensitive detection of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid residual on fruit surface via SERS‐tape sampling

Studies reported the harmful effects of 2,4-D on body tissues, provoking changes in the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, liver, and testicles. Thus, the objective was to evaluate if there were alterations in the bone quality of the tibia of rats submitted to feed consumption that were exposed to three different 2,4-D doses. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: oral control group (C: feed consumption without 2,4-D contamination); low oral concentration group (G3: contaminated feed with low concentration of 2,4-D); medium concentration group (G6: contaminated feed with medium concentration of 2,4-D); and high concentration group (G9: contaminated feed with high concentration of 2,4-D). The results demonstrated alterations of the mechanical properties and Raman ratios of the tibias of the contaminated groups. The maximum load, maximum stress, elastic modulus, and the cortical area were lower in the G6 and G9 compared to C group. The mineral-to-matrix ratio (relative mineral to organic content) was lower in the G6 and G9 groups compared to C group, but carbonate-to-matrix ratio (indicator of bone turnover) was higher in both groups. Thus, it is possible to suggest that the 2,4-D herbicide performed deleterious effects on the bone quality of male Wistar rats.

Effects of consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the rat tibia: analysis by Raman spectroscopy and mechanical properties.

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Effects of consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the rat tibia: analysis by Raman spectroscopy and mechanical properties.