Pure magnesium exhibits poor ductility owing to pyramidal [Formula: see text] dislocation transformations to immobile structures, making this lowest-density structural metal unusable for many applications where it could enhance energy efficiency. We show why magnesium can be made ductile by specific dilute solute additions, which increase the [Formula: see text] cross-slip and multiplication rates to levels much faster than the deleterious [Formula: see text] transformation, enabling both favorable texture during processing and continued plastic straining during deformation. A quantitative theory establishes the conditions for ductility as a function of alloy composition in very good agreement with experiments on many existing magnesium alloys, and the solute-enhanced cross-slip mechanism is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observations in magnesium-yttrium. The mechanistic theory can quickly screen for alloy compositions favoring conditions for high ductility and may help in the development of high-formability magnesium alloys.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/359/6374/447.full.pdf

Mechanistic origin and prediction of enhanced ductility in magnesium alloys.

On the ductility of magnesium based materials: A mini review

Influence of minor Ce additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-1.0Sn-0.6Ca alloy

Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-extruded Mg–4Zn–1La magnesium alloy

Friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to fabricate high strength and ductility Mg–6Zn alloys via the co-alloying of 1.0 Y and 0.5 Zr elements. The effect of co-alloying on microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-casted and FSPed Mg alloys were evaluated. Grain refinement and second-phase increase via co-alloying were obtained. The increased second-phases contributed to dynamic recrystallization and weakened the basal texture through heterogeneous nucleation. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the FSPed Mg–6Zn–1Y-0.5Zr alloys reached 170 MPa, 310 MPa and 27.7%, which enhanced by 27.8%, 10.7% and 48.9% than the FSPed Mg–6Zn alloys. Grain refinement, dispersion strengthening and the tailored texture are responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties. The Mg–Zn series alloys with trace Y and Zr co-addition are confirmed to be promising for developing rare-earth containing Mg alloys with outstanding mechanical performance and acceptable cost.

Enhanced strength and ductility of friction-stir-processed Mg–6Zn alloys via Y and Zr co-alloying

Ca single or Ca–Ce double microalloying Mg–Zn alloy was cast and extruded in the present study. The combined addition of Ca and Ce improved the mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn alloy after extrusion obviously. Microstructure analysis reveals that Ca or Ca–Ce addition refined the dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) microstructure, promoted dynamic precipitation and modified the texture. The fine precipitates in the as-extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Ce alloy pinned dislocation movement and inhibited dynamic recrystallization, resulting in a bimodal microstructure with fine-grained DRXed region and elongated deformed region. The recrystallization texture was weakened with Ca or Ca–Ce addition, which was mainly attributed to the particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and shear bands nucleation (SBN). Compared with single Ca microalloying, Ca–Ce double microalloying was more effective to improve the mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn alloy. The as-extruded Mg–6Zn–0.7Ca–0.2Ce (mass%) alloy exhibited a good combination of strength and ductility with the yield strength of 287 MPa and elongation-to-fracture of 16.9%, which was related to the fine DRXed grains with weaker texture, high density precipitates, and the deformed region with strong basal texture.

Improving microstructure and mechanical properties in Mg–6 mass% Zn alloys by combined addition of Ca and Ce

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Improving microstructure and mechanical properties in Mg–6 mass% Zn alloys by combined addition of Ca and Ce