A Review on Optical Applications, Prospects, and Challenges of Rare-Earth Oxides

The present report explores third order nonlinear optical behavior of phase pure Yb3+:YAG nanoparticles for the first time by Z-scan technique. The measurement was carried out using diode pumped continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The Yb:YAG nanoparticles exhibit characteristic near-infrared (NIR) emission at 1030 nm under 940 nm excitation. The nanoparticles exhibit high nonlinear refractive index (n2 = 8.649 × 10−8 cm2/W) and low nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 0.109 × 10−4 cm/W) giving an appreciable figure of merit (FOM) of ∼74.50. The excitation power (8.2–10.5 W cm−2) dependent emission spectra were recorded to study exchange energy interaction of Yb3+ ions with YAG host lattice. By utilizing the nonlinear refractive index ‘n2’ from Z-scan measurement, thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dt) was calculated to demonstrate Yb3+:YAG nanomaterial for high power compact solid state laser gain amplifier systems.

Third order nonlinearity and optical limiting behaviors of Yb:YAG nanoparticles by Z-scan technique

Fabrication and properties of 10 at.% Yb:Y3Sc1.5Al3.5O12 transparent ceramics

Oxides can be formed from many materials by air sintering after coating a substrate with a metal–organic decomposition (MOD) solution. This enables the preparation of thin films by simple processes such as spin coating. The up-conversion (UC) phosphor produced by the MOD method has a multifunctional potential for use in applications such as displays and solid-state lighting. In this study, a simple TiO2–ZnO mixed oxide system was examined for use as the base material and host crystal of rare-earth (RE) elements for UC phosphor. The maximum emission luminescence of the UC phosphor was obtained when the mixing ratios of the base materials TiO2 : ZnO and additive materials Yb2O3 : Er2O3 were and , respectively. When the mixing ratio of the phosphor, Ti : Zn : Yb : Er, was , 550 nm green and 650 nm red emissions were produced. The UC emission intensity could be controlled by varying the mixing ratio of the rare-earth materials.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/JJAP.54.03CA02/pdf

Characteristics of up-conversion phosphor prepared by metal–organic decomposition method

Fabrication and luminescent properties of highly transparent Er 3 Al 5 O 12 ceramics

Yb3+ doped YAG ceramics have been successfully fabricated using a vacuum reactive sintering method. High purity Y2O3, Al2O3 and Yb2O3 powders were used as the starting materials. Samples of 5.0 at.% Yb3+ doping concentration have been obtained. The in-line transmittance of the sample reaches 84% at 1100 nm wavelength. The absorption and emission bandwidth were measured to be 19.5 nm and 11.07 nm respectively. The results show that Yb:YAG ceramics will be a promising laser material for high power and ultrafast laser applications.

Fabrication and Spectroscopic Properties of Transparent Yb:YAG Laser Ceramics

Highly transparent Er:YAG ceramics with different Er concentration were fabricated by a solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering method. The optical properties, the microstructure and the upconversion luminescence of the Er:YAG ceramics were investigated. For 3 mm thick samples, the in-line transmittances of the as-fabricated Er:YAG ceramics at the wavelength of 1100 nm and 400 nm were about 84% and 82%, respectively, which was very close to the theoretical transmittance of YAG ceramics. The micrograph of the Er:YAG transparent ceramics exhibited a pore-free structure and the average grain size was about 10 μm. The grain boundary of the ceramics was clean and no secondary phase was detected. When pumped by a 980 nm LD, the strong green and red upconversion luminescences in the Er:YAG ceramics were observed. The different upconversion mechanisms depending on Er concentration in the Er:YAG ceramics were also discussed.

Fabrication and Upconversion Luminescence of Highly Transparent Er:YAG Ceramics

High quality holmium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) transparent ceramics were fabricated by a reactive sintering method under vacuum. Fully dense Ho:YAG ceramics with the average grain size of ~ 10 μm were obtained after vacuum sintering at 1780 for 8 h. The optical properties, microstructures and photoluminescence spectra of the fabricated Ho:YAG ceramics were investigated. The transmittances of Ho:YAG ceramic are higher than 82% at 400 nm and 84% at 2400 nm. The absorption coefficient was 1.32 cm-1 for 1.5 at.% Ho:YAG at 1907 nm. And the absorption cross section of the Ho:YAG ceramic is 0.645×10-20 cm2.

Fabrication and properties of high quality transparent Ho:YAG ceramics

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Fabrication and Spectroscopic Properties of Transparent Yb:YAG Laser Ceramics

Fabrication and Upconversion Luminescence of Highly Transparent Er:YAG Ceramics

Fabrication and properties of high quality transparent Ho:YAG ceramics