In the present paper, high transmission bit rate of a thermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which is composed of lithium niobate (LiNbO3)/polymethyl metha acrylate (PMMA) hybrid materials on a silicon substrate in Passive Optical Networks (PONs) has parametrically analyzed and investigated over wide range of the affecting parameters. We have theoretically investigated the temperature dependent wavelength shift of the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) depends on the refractive-indices of the materials and the size of the waveguide. A thermalization of the AWG can be realized by selecting proper values of the material and structural parameters of the device. Moreover, we have analyzed the data transmission bit rate of a thermal AWG in passsive optical networks (PONs) based on Maximum Time Division Multiplexing (MTDM) technique.

High Transmission Bit Rate of A thermal Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) Module in Passive Optical Networks

A hybrid optical amplifier is proposed using a combination of Er-Yb codoped waveguide amplifier (EYDWA) and fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The scheme is investigated for 100  ×  40  Gb  /  s dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system at 0.2-nm channel spacing. The parameters are optimized to achieve a flat gain of >30.6  dB, with a gain ripple of 2.67 dB. This is obtained over a wavelength range of 1542 to 1562 nm at −10-dBm optimum input power per channel, without using any costly gain flattening scheme. For higher input powers up to 10 dBm, an increase in gain ripple from 2.67 to 6.13 dB is observed. The gain ripple of 2.67 dB of the proposed EYDWA–dual pump FOPA configuration is also much better than 10.32 dB for the hybrid EYDWA–single pump FOPA. The obtained high and flat gain, along with the low noise figure, confirms the usefulness of the proposed amplifier for applications in long-haul DWDM systems.

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/optical-engineering/volume-57/issue-5/056108/Achieving-high-gain-using-Er-Yb-codoped-waveguide-fiber-optical/10.1117/1.OE.57.5.056108.pdf

Achieving high gain using Er-Yb codoped waveguide/fiber optical parametric hybrid amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system

Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) photonic microring resonators have shown promising potential for real time detection of
biomolecules because of the sensitivity towards surface binding events. Previous work shows the use of single ring
resonators for sensing applications. Each ring requires an input and output coupler and can be addressed only one at a
time. We propose a novel use of cascaded ring resonators (width w = 200 nm and bending Radius R = 30 μm) together
with a PDMS microfluidic network fabricated by soft lithography to expose each ring individually with different
solutions. The SOI substrate with the planar waveguides and the PDMS with the microchannels are reversibly bonded to
each other. The use of cascaded ring resonators offers the possibility to measure transmission spectra of multiple rings in
different channels simultaneously. We measured Q-factors of >30'000 in air and >10'000 when exposed to water. Using
a water/glycerin solution with known refractive indices we determine the sensitivity to be ~40 nm/RIU.

/pdf/cascaded-silicon-on-insulator-microring-resonators-for-the-15s45m2en7.pdf

Cascaded silicon-on-insulator microring resonators for the detection of biomolecules in PDMS microfluidic channels

We propose a novel structure for achieving highly efficient beaming of self-collimated light from two-dimensional photonic crystals. The finite-difference time-domain simulations show that both enhanced transmission and highly directional emission of self-collimated beams from photonic crystals are achieved by using the bending and splitting of self-collimated beams in photonic crystals, and also by introducing an antireflection coating-like photonic crystal collimator to the exit surface of the structure. This structure is potentially important for highly efficient coupling of self-collimated beams from photonic crystals into conventional optical fibers and photonic crystal waveguides.

Efficient beaming of self-collimated light from photonic crystals.

Numerical achievement of high and flat gain using Er-Yb co-doped fiber/Raman hybrid optical amplifier

Formulized analytical technique for gain characteristics of phosphate glass Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped waveguide amplifiers

This study demonstrates a novel athermal arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which is composed of silica/polymer hybrid materials on a silicon substrate. The temperature-dependent wavelength shift of the AWG depends on the refractive indices of the materials and the size of the waveguide. The athermalization of the AWG can be realized by selecting the proper values of the material and structural parameters of the device.

Design of athermal arrayed waveguide grating using silica/polymer hybrid materials

In order to analyze the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the gain characteristics of the phosphate glass Er 3+ –Yb 3+ -co-doped waveguide amplifier (EYCDWA), formulas are derived from the rate equations and the light propagation equations under the uniform dopant and the steady-state conditions. In the derivation of these formulas, we have neglected the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and have introduced the initial energy transfer efficiency. By using these formulas, the effects of the pump power, signal power and waveguide length on the PCE and the gain characteristics of the EYCDWA are analyzed, and some useful results are obtained in three kinds of pumped styles, i.e. the forward-, backward- and bidirectional pumped styles.

Effects of pumped styles on power conversion efficiency and gain characteristics of phosphate glass Er3+–Yb3+-co-doped waveguide amplifiers

Based on the transmission theory, parameter optimization is performed, and effects of fabrication errors on transmission characteristics are analyzed for a 33×33 polymer arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer around the central wavelength of 1550.918 nm with the wavelength spacing of 0.8 nm. Simulated results show that fabrication errors result in the shift of the transmission spectrum, and lead to the increase of the crosstalk compared with the device theoretically designed. Furthermore, accumulation and compensation of fabrication errors are investigated. In order to realize the normal demultiplexing of the fabricated AWG device, the allowed fabrication errors are discussed.

Analysis for fabrication errors of arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers

In terms of the coupled mode theory, novel formulations of the transfer functions are presented for a series-cascaded microring resonator (MRR) array. Using these formulas, transmission characteristics are analyzed and some parameters are optimised for such a polymer device. Simulation results show that when several microrings are serially cascaded to form a MRR array, the passband becomes steep, and the nonresonant light and the crosstalk become weak.

Characteristic analysis of series-cascaded microring resonator arrays

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