Recently, significant attention has been focused on developing electrode materials with exceptional performance for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are emerging as a promising option for a wide range of these devices due to their superior electrical conductivity compared to transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal phosphates. Despite limited coverage on the rapid adoption of TMNs as electrode materials, our mini-review provides an up-to-date overview of their utilization as high-performance electrodes in supercapacitors, water splitting, lithium-sulfur batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, along with the corresponding mechanisms. We investigate how the intentional design of nanostructures can enhance the performance of supercapacitors, catalysis based water splitting processes, and batteries. The objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in fabrication methods, working mechanisms, potential applications, engineering strategies for performance enhancement, as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with TMNs. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future prospects in the field. 

Recent progress in transition metal nitride electrodes for supercapacitor, water splitting, and battery applications

Severe shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics caused by lithium‐polysulfides have always been the dominant factor to reduce the actual energy density of lithium–sulfur batteries. It's very important to simultaneously balance the surface adsorption and redox conversion of the lithium‐polysulfides. Herein, a TiO2/TiN heterostructure and in situ N‐doping modified multifunctional carbon interlayer is designed and constructed using a melamine foam as the matrix material at a relatively low temperature and without NH3 atmosphere. Interestingly, TiO2 nano‐particles decorated on the N‐enriched melamine carbon foam can be partially in situ transformed into TiN during pyrolysis process. Based on the support of highly conductive and interconnected carbon skeletons, the N heteroatom and TiO2/TiN show good synergetic adsorption and conversion of the soluble lithium‐polysulfides, whilst boosting the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Consequently, when used the multifunctional carbon interlayer, the Super P/sulfur cathode based lithium–sulfur battery delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 814 mAh g−1 at a high current rate of 2.0 C and maintain the 548 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. Even with the high sulfur loading of 7.5 mg cm−2 and low E/S ratio of 4.7 µL mg−1, an acceptable areal capacity of 8.2 mAh cm−2 can be obtained.

In Situ Constructing a TiO2/TiN Heterostructure Modified Carbon Interlayer for Balancing the Surface Adsorption and Conversion of Polysulfides in Li–S Batteries

Uniform loading of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets on hollow carbon spheres with mesoporous walls as efficient sulfur hosts for promising lithium-sulfur batteries

Nanosized CeO2C2 with rich oxygen vacancies embedded in hollow mesoporous carbon as a multifunctional sulfur-loaded matrix for lithium-sulfur batteries

The Fig-Like hierarchical Double-Shelled hollow TiN particles as sulfur host for Lithium-Sulfur batteries.

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The Fig-Like hierarchical Double-Shelled hollow TiN particles as sulfur host for Lithium-Sulfur batteries.