is a common complication after treatment for breast cancer. Factors associated with increased risk of lymphedema include extent of axillary surgery, axillary radiation, infection, and patient obesity. 2,3 The panel recommends educating the patients on lymphedema, monitoring for lymphedema, and referring for lymphedema management as needed.”

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines

正しい方法がわかる臨床基本手技 : from the New England journal of medicine

Objective: The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org). Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process: The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocri...

/pdf/management-of-thyroid-dysfunction-during-pregnancy-and-575y0c8uhf.pdf

Management of Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

The goal of this review is to place the exciting advances that have occurred in our understanding of the molecular biology of the types 1, 2, and 3 (D1, D2, and D3, respectively) iodothyronine deiodinases into a biochemical and physiological context. We review new data regarding the mechanism of selenoprotein synthesis, the molecular and cellular biological properties of the individual deiodinases, including gene structure, mRNA and protein characteristics, tissue distribution, subcellular localization and topology, enzymatic properties, structure-activity relationships, and regulation of synthesis, inactivation, and degradation. These provide the background for a discussion of their role in thyroid physiology in humans and other vertebrates, including evidence that D2 plays a significant role in human plasma T3 production. We discuss the pathological role of D3 overexpression causing “consumptive hypothyroidism” as well as our current understanding of the pathophysiology of iodothyronine deiodination during illness and amiodarone therapy. Finally, we review the new insights from analysis of mice with targeted disruption of the Dio2 gene and overexpression of D2 in the myocardium. (Endocrine Reviews 23: 38–89, 2002)

Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases.

Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology.

BACKGROUND: The true impact of congenital uterine anomalies on reproductive outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the morphology of uterine anomalies found in women with and without a history of recurrent miscarriage. METHODS: A total of 509 women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 1976 low risk women were examined for the presence of congenital uterine anomalies by three-dimensional ultrasound. The anomalies were classified according to the American Fertility Society classification. In addition, the size of fundal distortion (F) and the length of the remaining uterine cavity (C) were measured to calculate a distortion ratio (F/F+C). The findings were compared with the measurements obtained in low risk women with an incidental finding of uterine anomaly. RESULTS: In all, 121 anomalies were detected in the recurrent miscarriage group and 105 in low risk women. There was no significant difference in relative frequency of various anomalies or depth of fundal distortion between the two groups. However, with both arcuate and subseptate uteri, the length of remaining uterine cavity was significantly shorter (P < 0.01) and the distortion ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the recurrent miscarriage group. CONCLUSION: The distortion of uterine anatomy is more severe in congenital anomalies, which are found in women with a history of recurrent first trimester miscarriage.

/pdf/a-comparative-study-of-the-morphology-of-congenital-uterine-1q190zn2wx.pdf

A comparative study of the morphology of congenital uterine anomalies in women with and without a history of recurrent first trimester miscarriage

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of non-surgical management of interstitial pregnancy.



Design

A prospective interventional study.



Subjects

Eleven women with the ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial ectopic pregnancy.



Methods

Women with suspected early pregnancy complications were examined by transvaginal ultrasound. Those with the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy were offered non-surgical treatment with methotrexate, which was administered systemically or by local injection. Follow-up with regular measurements of s-human chorionic gonadoropin and ultrasound scans continued until the pregnancy had resolved completely.



Results

Ten women were managed non-surgically, and one woman opted for surgery. Five women received systemic and five local methotrexate. Local therapy was successful in all five cases (100%), whereas four out of five (80%) women receiving systemic methotrexate were cured. Significant side-effects were noted in two women following systemic therapy. In comparison, there were no side-effects in the group of women who received local therapy. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the length of time taken for the pregnancy to resolve.



Conclusions

Non-surgical treatment of interstitial pregnancy with methotrexate appears to be safe and effective. Local administration appears to be more successful and better tolerated by patients and may be used as the first-line therapy. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

The effectiveness of non-surgical management of early interstitial pregnancy: a report of ten cases and review of the literature.

Objectives
To present data on prospective evaluation of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) ‘simple-rules’ tool for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and to perform a meta-analysis of studies that utilized the same diagnostic method.

Methods
In the present study a level-II ultrasound operator systematically assessed the tumors of women with an ultrasound diagnosis of adnexal tumor(s) according to the IOTA simple-rules protocol to determine the risk of the tumor being malignant. The results of simple rules were compared with the ‘pattern recognition’ method and with histological findings. This validation study was included in the subsequent meta-analysis, for which we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane from the publication of the first study in 2008. The terms used were ‘simple rules’, ‘simple rules ovarian’, ‘ovar tumor’ and ‘ultrasound’. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Quality Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Studies (QUADAS-2) checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity for the simple-rules tool, and meta-regression was used to investigate heterogeneity across the studies.

Results
Three hundred and three women were included in the validation study with 168 (55.4%) benign, 19 (6.3%) borderline and 116 (38.3%) malignant tumors on histological examination. The rules were applicable in 237 (78.2%) of the tumors and for these tumors, sensitivity was 96.2% (95% CI, 90.5–99.0%) and specificity was 88.6% (95% CI, 82.0–93.5%). Six of the 88 discovered studies were included in the meta-analysis along with the current validation study, which resulted in inclusion of a total of 3568 patients. When the meta-analysis was performed the pooled sensitivity (when the rules were applicable) was 93% (95% CI, 90–96%) (I2 = 32.1%) and the pooled specificity was 95% (95% CI, 93–97%) (I2 = 78.1%). Heterogeneity was observed across the studies. Sensitivity was higher and specificity lower in the study populations in which the prevalence of malignant tumors was greatest.

Conclusion
The simple rules protocol could be used in 76–89% of tumors and is an accurate test for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Assessment by an ultrasound expert is required when the protocol cannot be applied. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/uog.13437

Use of IOTA simple rules for diagnosis of ovarian cancer: meta-analysis

Early Pregnancy Failure

*Early Pregnancy Unit, Nepean Centre for Perinatal Care and Research, Western Clinical School, Nepean Campus, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Sydney, Australia, †Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA, §Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malmo University Hospital, Malmo, Lund University, Sweden, ¶Early Pregnancy and Gynaecology Assessment Unit, King’s College Hospital and **Early Pregnancy, Gynaecological Ultrasound and Minimal Access Surgery Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK (e-mail: gcondous@hotmail.com)

Pregnancies of unknown location: consensus statement

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Davor Jurkovic

Author Tools

Chat about Author