Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:612151/UQ612151_OA.pdf

Intermittently Closed/Open Lakes and Lagoons: Their global distribution and boundary conditions

Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) are systems temporarily closed off from the sea due to the development of a sandbar across the mouth during low rainfall periods. Due to their generally small size and overall higher retention times during the closed phase, these environments are highly susceptible to anthropogenic changes such as catchment degradation, climate change, pollution and changing river flow patterns. Several authors have reported marked fluctuations in biomass and density of biotic communities between the open and closed phases of specific estuaries. This study determines the responses of water column nutrients, plankton density and biomass to inlet phase changes of these systems, for which information was collated on dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, zooplankton density and biomass from 16 TOCEs in South Africa. Our analyses detected higher phytoplankton chlorophyll- a concentrations, zooplankton density and biomass during the closed phase of these estuaries. The analysis of temporal dynamics of five systems showed that plankton biomass can attain pre-breaching levels 10 days after mouth closure. Estimates showed that plankton standing stocks during the closed phase can be 26 to 10 000 times higher than during the open phase. Our findings have significant implications for the management and conservation of TOCEs, especially the regulation of freshwater inflow and artificial breaching of their mouths, and highlight the vulnerability of these systems to current and expected impacts of anthropogenic and climatic changes on their productivity and functioning.

Inlet mouth phase influences density, variability and standing stocks of plankton assemblages in temporarily open/closed estuaries

The largest estuarine flow restoration project is the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In 2012, one of its first phases, the C-111 Project, was initiated and designed to increase freshwater flow into northern Florida Bay. Effects of changes in flow and associated nutrients on phytoplankton abundance and composition were studied in two sets of interconnected, quasi-enclosed saline lakes at the southern end of the Everglades that discharge into northern Florida Bay. After C-111 implementation, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) decreased, driven by especially large declines in NOx−. In spite of N reduction, those lakes that has been oligotrophic prior to the project experienced an approximate doubling of phytoplankton biomass as nutrient ratios converged on Redfield proportions, and a shift to smaller sized cells and a loss of diatoms as NOx− availability declined. The other set of these lakes, previously highly eutrophic, sustained a significant, nearly 50%, decline in overall phytoplankton biomass, particularly larger sized cells, which, in turn, increased downstream. A chemostat model was invoked to explain these changes based on changes in flow and nutrients. In both systems the proportions of picocyanobacteria increased in the upper lakes as the relative availability of chemically reduced forms of N increased. Both lake systems may export algal biomass, changing the phytoplankton assemblage in northern Florida Bay. These lakes may also serve as buffers, damping the effects in Florida Bay itself, and they illustrate broad implications for estuaries that are impacted by natural or anthropogenic changes in flow.

https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.10599

Nutrients and phytoplankton in semienclosed lagoon systems in Florida Bay and their responses to changes in flow from Everglades restoration

Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys.

The presence of invertebrates in a given area is governed by a variety of factors including competition, predation, habitat selection, and resource availability. Manipulating one or more of these factors could affect invertebrate survival, based on differences in the ability to detect habitat quality. A field experiment was conducted to test the relationship between food quality and environmental type on invertebrate dispersal and diversity. Containers filled with lake water were treated with algae cultured on varying amounts of phosphorus and were placed within an experimental plot with varying vegetation to allow for insect oviposition. Nutrient quality was found to have an effect on (1) number of invertebrate egg clusters, (2) number of chironomid larvae, and (3) overall invertebrate diversity. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between the amount of chlorophyll a and the measured variables; however, habitat type was found to have no effect. These results stress the importance of nutrient availability in oviposition decisions made by adult invertebrates. Furthermore, they hint at the sensitive balance of ecosystems and the role that phosphorus-loaded fertilizers, pollution and human land use in general plays in the stability of these systems. © 2007 Oklahoma Academy of Science

/pdf/the-role-of-habitat-type-and-nutrient-quality-on-jvkxkiuvmg.pdf

The Role of Habitat Type and Nutrient Quality on Invertebrate Dispersal and Diversity

Form and functioning of micro size Australian intermittent closed open lake lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW

Form and Functioning of Micro Size Intermittent Closed Open Lake Lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW, Australia

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The Role of Habitat Type and Nutrient Quality on Invertebrate Dispersal and Diversity

Form and functioning of micro size Australian intermittent closed open lake lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW

Form and Functioning of Micro Size Intermittent Closed Open Lake Lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW, Australia