The presence of human thyroglobulin (HTg) in serum of patients was identical by immunological criteria to the serum standard used in the radioimmunoassay. The serum thyroglobulin levels in untreated patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma ranged from 22.0 to 445.0 ng/ml with a mean of 144.3 +/- 46.5 ng/ml (SEM) (n = 10). The mean serum thyroglobulin measured postoperatively in seven of these patients was 6.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, not statistacally different from the mean level of 5.1 +/- 0.49 ng/ml (range 0-20.7 ng/ml) observed in 71 out of 95 control subjects with detectable HTg levels. By contrast serum HTg levels were normal or undetectable in subjects with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. HTg levels were within normal limits in sera of patients who had previously undergone successful therapy for a differentiated thyroid carcinoma and in whom no metastases could be documented. The mean level for this group was 4.9 +/- 0.51 ng/ml (n = 43). In contrast, patients with documented metastases had a mean serum thyroglobulin level of 464.9 +/- 155.6 ng/ml (n = 6). The data support the thesis that in differentiated thyroid carcinoma serum thyroglobulin levels are elevated when metastases develop after initial treatment. It is proposed that the measurement of thyroglobulin in the serum represents a simple and valuable adjunct in the posttreatment follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

/pdf/elevated-serum-thyroglobulin-a-marker-of-metastases-in-1rnabvl7b4.pdf

Elevated serum thyroglobulin. A marker of metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Mono- and di-iodotyrosine (T1 and T2) are important intermediary substances in the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. It is generally presumed that these are precursors of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine. The T1 and almost all of the T2 of the gland are in peptide linkage in the thyroglobulin (1). Normally they do not escape into the general circulation. There has been little reason to suppose that these two substances play a role in the metabolism of iodine outside the thyroid gland.

The metabolism of iodotyrosines. I. The fate of mono- and di-iodotyrosine in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases.

The physico-chemical form in which the secretion of the thyroid gland exists in blood is not well understood. It is generally believed to be associated in some manner with the plasma proteins since the iodine content of precipitated washed plasma protein (1) and the rate of turnover of 131 in this protein appears to vary with the state of thyroid activity (2). The observation of Trevorrow (3) that this \"protein bound\" or \"hormonal iodine\" is readily extractible with butanol from unhydrolysed serum indicates that it is not bound by a peptide linkage. The introduction of the technique of paper electrophoresis combined with the use of I131 as a tracer isotope has afforded a new and valuable instrument for a study of the problem (4, 5). With this technique it has been demonstrated that after 24 to 48 hours there is a characteristic localization of administered I131 in the alpha globu-

/pdf/a-study-of-the-nature-of-the-circulating-thyroid-hormone-in-2to7hdzhxh.pdf

A study of the nature of the circulating thyroid hormone in euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects by use of paper electrophoresis

THERE is general agreement that most of the organically bound radioiodine in the blood after therapeutic doses of I131 is comprised of thyroxine. The presence of significant amounts of butanol-insoluble organic iodine, diiodotyrosine, monoiodotyrosine (1), and triiodothyronine (2, 3) has been reported. It is not definitely known whether the appearance of any one, or all of these compounds results from the effects of radiation on the thyroid gland. It is the purpose of this report of work in progress to describe studies dealing with possible relationships between the iodinated compounds appearing in the serum, the rate of disappearance of the radioiodine from the thyroid, the amounts of radiation delivered to the gland, and the clinical response to therapy. METHODS Chromatographic fractionations of serum radioiodine extractable in n-butanol were made after 34 therapeutic doses of I131 in 31 patients. Most of the patients had Graves' disease, but 1 with toxic nodular goiter, 1 with metastatic thyroid cancer...

Iodinated compounds in the serum, disappearance of radioactive iodine from the thyroid, and clinical response in patients treated with radioactive iodine.

Recently zone electrophoretic techniques have been employed to characterize the site of thyroxine-binding in plasma (1-7). In most reports, an association has been described between thyroxine and a protein moiety intermediate in electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 between the al and the a, globulins. A concentrated source of this thyroxine-binding protein (TBP) has not been available for further purification or for experimental evaluation of its physiological role. To meet these objectives, zone electrophoretic techniques have been employed to localize TBP in subfractions of plasma prepared by Method 6 of Cohn and his co-workers (8, 9).

/pdf/the-interaction-of-thyroxine-with-plasma-proteins-4ikb7j5b6p.pdf

The interaction of thyroxine with plasma proteins: localization of thyroxine-binding protein in cohn fractions of plasma

THE administration of a large dose of radioiodine to man (1, 2) and to the rat (3) is sometimes followed by a temporary rise in the level of serum protein-bound iodine. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the nature of the serum iodine after large doses of radioiodine in man. Recent studies have indicated that the blood iodine normally present in man and in the rat is almost entirely thyroxine, loosely attached to the serum proteins. In support of this view is the demonstration of the identity between the serum iodine and thyroxine added to serum in terms of: precipitability with the serum proteins (4–9), solubility in n-butanol (4, 5, 9), inability to dialyze (4, 6, 9), recrystallization to constant specific activity (9), and development in various chromatographic systems (10, 11, 12). The latter method has demonstrated that small amounts of other iodine-containing compounds may also be present. Similar studies have shown that the serum iodine in Graves' disease appears to be identical with thy...

The nature of the serum iodine after large doses of I131.

The role played by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of the pituitary in thyroid disease has excited speculation for some time. The similarity of the effects produced by this material to some of the physiological changes noted in Graves' disease seems more than coincidental. It was early shown that the injection of a crude anterior pituitary preparation in man would cause an elevation in the basal metabolic rate (1, 2). Later studies have shown that thyrotrophin administration to euthyroid normals will increase the radioiodine uptake of the thyroid and the level of the proteinbound iodine of the serum (3-5). Goldsmith, Stanbury, and Brownell have recently demonstrated that the injection of preparations of this material causes an increase in the rate of release of hormone from the thyroid gland (6). Studies on the rat and chick have demonstrated similar changes (7-10).

/pdf/the-effect-of-a-thyrotrophic-hormone-preparation-on-the-4akpnsbd6t.pdf

The effect of a thyrotrophic hormone preparation on the metabolism of radioiodine in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and acromegalic individuals

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The nature of the serum iodine after large doses of I131.

The effect of a thyrotrophic hormone preparation on the metabolism of radioiodine in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and acromegalic individuals