Peripheral versus central extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy shock: Multicenter registry, systematic review, and meta-analysis

Significant progress has been made in the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS), particularly in the clinical success in durable left ventricular assist device. Short-term MCS has also advanced in the form of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, external centrifugal VADs as well as percutaneous VADs. Postcardiotomy shock (PCS) is a rare clinical entity associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by heart failure that either results in an inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass or that occurs in the immediate postoperative period, accounting for the most common indication for MCS. The reported in-hospital mortality of the PCS patients remains high, consistently over 50%, despite ongoing refinements of MCS technology. The optimization of selection criteria and the prompt institution of MCS are likely the keys to improving this persistently high mortality rate. Unfortunately, the lack of a clear definition for PCS in the literature limits scientific analyses and comparison of the existing evidence. To establish the treatment strategy and appropriately manage this challenging disease, substantial and fundamental effort by the cardiovascular society is imperative.

Contemporary mechanical circulatory support therapy for postcardiotomy shock

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important issue for intensivists, critical care nurses, surgeons, cardiologists, and many others. There has been a continued increase in the number of centres performing ECMO. This review examines novel applications and recent trends in the use of ECMO over the last 2 years. These include ECMO to facilitate the safe use of other treatments, changing the timing of initiation, newer equipment and better biocompatibility, and the ability of ECMO programs to essentially choose which cluster of potential complications they are prepared to accept. ECMO continues to evolve, diversify in its applications, and improve in safety.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 2016: an update

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the pediatric age has increased considerably in the last decade, as has the complexity of cases and the variety of indications outside of the neonatal age. However, no randomized controlled trials have been attempted to date to test ECMO as an intervention in non-neonatal pediatric patients with critical illness. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of clinical research in pediatric ECMO and discuss methodological challenges including heterogeneity of ages and diagnoses in the pediatric ECMO population, rapid advances in technology and clinical practice related to ECMO, feasibility of enrolling critically ill children on ECMO in clinical research studies, and variability in ECMO management across institutions and countries. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and existing infrastructure for future multicenter, multi-network research collaborations for pediatric ECMO studies.

/pdf/pediatric-ecmo-research-the-case-for-collaboration-19glo4tgf3.pdf

Pediatric ECMO Research: The Case for Collaboration.

72-Hour in vivo evaluation of nitric oxide generating artificial lung gas exchange fibers in sheep.

https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(14)00797-8/pdf

In Vivo Testing of a Novel Blood Pump for Short-Term Extracorporeal Life Support

Donation from uncontrolled circulatory determination of death donors (uDCD) is impractical in United States because of the time needed to organize procurement before irreversible organ damage. Salvaging organs after prolonged warm ischemic time (WIT) may address this limitation. We evaluated the combination of extracorporeal support (ECS) and thrombolytics in a porcine uDCD renal transplant model. Nonanticoagulated uDCD sustained 60 min of WIT, and two groups were studied. Rapid recovery (RR)-uDCD renal grafts procured using the standard quick topical cooling and renal flush, and ECS-assisted donation (E-uDCD), 4 hr ECS plus thrombolytics for in situ perfusion before procurement. All kidneys were flushed and cold stored, followed by transplantation into healthy nephrectomized recipients without immunosuppression. Delayed graft function (DGF) was defined as creatinine more than 5.0 mg/dl on any postoperative day. Twelve kidneys in E-uDCD and 6 in RR-uDCD group were transplanted. All 12 E-uDCD recipients had urine production and adequate function in the first 48 hr, but two grafts (16.7%) had DGF at 96 hr. All six recipients from RR-uDCD group had DGF at 48 hr and were killed. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly lower in E-uDCD compared with RR-uDCD group at 24 hr (2.9 ± 0.7 mg/dl vs. 5.2 ± 0.9 mg/dl) and 48 hr (3.2 ± 0.9 mg/dl vs. 7.2 ± 1.0 mg/dl); BUN levels at 24 and 48 hr were 28.3 ± 6.7 mg/dl vs. 39.5 ± 7.5 mg/dl and 23.9 ± 5.0 mg/dl vs. 46 ± 12.9 mg/dl, respectively. Thrombolytics plus ECS precondition organs in situ yielding functional kidneys in a porcine model of uDCD with 60 min of WIT. This procurement method addresses logistical limitations for uDCD use in the United States and could have a major impact on the organ donor pool.

/pdf/successful-porcine-renal-transplantation-after-60-minutes-of-36416bhdi8.pdf

Successful Porcine Renal Transplantation After 60 Minutes of Donor Warm Ischemia: Extracorporeal Perfusion and Thrombolytics

http://lib.ajaums.ac.ir/booklist/1-s2.0-S0003497514006869-main.pdf

Outcomes after transfer to a tertiary center for postcardiotomy cardiopulmonary failure.

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In Vivo Testing of a Novel Blood Pump for Short-Term Extracorporeal Life Support

Successful Porcine Renal Transplantation After 60 Minutes of Donor Warm Ischemia: Extracorporeal Perfusion and Thrombolytics

Outcomes after transfer to a tertiary center for postcardiotomy cardiopulmonary failure.