https://dc.engconfintl.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=superalloys_ii

A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys with five or more principal elements. Due to the distinct design concept, these alloys often exhibit unusual properties. Thus, there has been significant interest in these materials, leading to an emerging yet exciting new field. This paper briefly reviews some critical aspects of HEAs, including core effects, phases and crystal structures, mechanical properties, high-temperature properties, structural stabilities, and corrosion behaviors. Current challenges and important future directions are also pointed out.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21663831.2014.912690

High-Entropy Alloys: A Critical Review

A review of conduction phenomena in Li-ion batteries

Introduction 1. Aqueous Corrosion 2. Environments and Application Examples 3. high-Temperature Corrosion 4. Modeling, Life Prediction, and Computer Applications 5. Corrosion Failures 6. Corrosion Maintenance Through Inspection And Monitoring 7. Acceleration and Amplification of Corrosion Damage 8. Materials Selection 9. Protective Coatings 10. Corrosion Inhibitors 11. Cathodic Protection 12. Anodic Protection

/pdf/handbook-of-corrosion-engineering-2rocvbvrpb.pdf

Handbook of Corrosion Engineering

Hypersonic flight involves extremely high velocities and gas temperatures with the attendant necessity for thermal protection systems (TPS). New high temperature materials are needed for these TPS systems. A systematic investigation of the thermodynamics of potential materials revealed that low oxidation rate materials, which form pure scales of SiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, or BeO, cannot be utilized at temperatures of 1800°C (and above) due to disruptively high vapor pressures which arise at the interface of the base material and the scale. Vapor pressure considerations provide significant insight into the relatively good oxidation resistance of ZrB2- and HfB2-based materials at 2000°C and above. These materials form multi-oxide scales composed of a refractory crystalline oxide (skeleton) and a glass component, and this compositional approach is recommended for further development. The oxidation resistance of ZrB2-SiC and other non-oxide materials is improved, to at least 1600°C, by compositional modifications which promote immiscibility in the glass component of the scale. Other candidate materials forming high temperature oxides, such as rare earth compounds, are largely unexplored for high temperature applications and may be attractive candidates for hypersonic TPS materials.

Oxidation-based materials selection for 2000°C + hypersonic aerosurfaces: Theoretical considerations and historical experience

Preface. Introduction and Definition of Terms. The First Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Statistical Interpretation of Entropy. Auxiliary Functions. Heat Capacity, Enthalpy, Entropy, and the Third Law of Thermodynamics. Phase Equilibrium in a One-Component System. The Behavior of Gases. The Behavior of Solutions. Gibbs Free Energy-Composition and Phase Diagrams of Binary Systems. Reactions Involving Gases. Reactions Involving Pure Consensed Phases and a Gaseous Phase. Reaction Equilibria in Systems Containing Components in Condensed Solutions. Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems in Pressure-Temperature-Composition Space. Electrochemistry. Appendix A: Selected Thermodynamic and Thermochemical Data. Appendix B Exact Differential Equations. Appendix C The Generation of Auxiliary Functions as Legendre Transformations. Nomenclatures. Answers. Index.

Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials

Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics

Transport phenomena are the processes and rules by which heat, mass, and momentum move through and between materials and systems. Along with thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism, this body of knowledge and theory forms the core principals of all physical systems and is essential to all engineering disciplines. This new edition of a classic work on how transport phenomena behave in materials and materials systems will provide expanded coverage and up-to-date theory and knowledge from today's research on heat transfer and fluid behavior, with ample examples of practical applications to materials processing and engineering. Professional engineers and students alike will find one of the clearest and most accessible approaches to an often difficult and challenging subject. Logical pedagogy, with clear applications to real materials engineering problems will make more vivid the abstract body of knowledge that comprises today's understanding of transport phenomena. Readers will find: a new chapter on boiling and condensation; revised chapters on heat transport, mass transport in solid state and mass transport in fluids; revised and expanded end-of-chapter problems and exercises S.I. Units throughout; extensive Appendices of standard materials properties; and, for classroom use, a Solutions Manual is available.

An introduction to transport phenomena in materials engineering

The dependence of the degree of nonstoichiometry of YBa2Cu307–x (123) on temperature and oxygen pressure has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in the temperature range 400° to 950°C and the oxygen pressure range 10–6 to 1 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa). The nature of the decomposition of 123 in the temperature range 750° to 950°C and the oxygen pressure range 10–6 to 10–2 atm has been determined by TGA and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). As the oxygen pressure decreases, the decomposition of 123 follows the sequence 123→ Y2BaCuo5 (211) + BaCuO2° Cu2O→ 211 ° BaCuO2° BaCu2O2→ 211 ° YBa3Cu2Ox (132) ° BaCu2O2→ 211 ° BaCu2O2°BaO. The incongruent melting temperatures have been determined in the oxygen pressure range 10–6 to 1 atm by differential thermal analysis, and the phases formed on solidification have been identified by XRD. The stability diagram for the composition 123 has been constructed.

Stability Diagram for the System Yba2Cu3O7–x

Experiments were performed with a Pb-5 pct Sb-35 pct Sn system to experimentally validate simulations made with a continuum mixture model for ternary alloy solidification. Temperature histories were measured during casting, and composition profiles were found in the solidified ingot. Dendritic arm spacings were found from optical micrographs of the alloy microstructure and used to determine a constant in the Blake-Kozeny submodel for the mushy zone permeability in the liquid-solid interaction term of the momentum equations. Scaling analysis from a previous work and a large uncertainty in the permeability constant suggested that predictions of the composition are extremely sensitive to the choice of a permeability model. Three simulations were performed using the permeability constant as a parameter, and measured temperatures and compositions were compared with predictions based on different model constants. While the thermal histories had good agreement, the results near the liquidus interface, where all of the significant advection of solute occurs, suggest that the Blake-Kozeny model significantly underpredicts the resistance of the dendritic array to fluid flow.

Solidification of a ternary metal alloy: A comparison of experimental measurements and model predictions in a Pb-Sb-Sn system

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