An apparatus includes a fastener engageable with a bone portion to connect a longitudinal member to the bone portion. A housing has a first passage configured to receive the longitudinal member and a second passage extending transverse to the first passage. The fastener extends through an opening in the housing into the second passage. The second passage includes a plurality of frustoconical surfaces for engagement with the fastener.

Apparatus for connecting a longitudinal member to a bone portion

The present invention generally provides a polyaxial fixation device having a shank with a spherical head formed on a proximal end thereof, and a receiver member having an axial passage formed therein that is adapted to polyaxially seat the spherical head of the shank. The polyaxial bone screw further includes an engagement member that is adapted to provide sufficient friction between the spherical head and the receiver member to enable the shank to be maintained in a desired angular orientation before locking the spherical head within the receiver member.

Polyaxial bone screw

An apparatus ( 10 ) includes a fastener ( 16 ) engageable with a bone portion to connect a longitudinal member ( 12 ) to the bone portion. A housing ( 40 ) has a first passage ( 42 ) configured to receive the longitudinal member ( 12 ) and a second passage ( 44 ) extending transverse to the first passage. The fastener ( 16 ) extends through an opening ( 50 ) in the housing ( 40 ) into the second passage ( 44 ). A longitudinal axis ( 18 ) of the fastener ( 16 ) is positionable in any one of a plurality of angular positions relative to a longitudinal axis ( 46 ) of the second passage ( 44 ). A spacer ( 60 ) received in the second passage ( 44 ) of the housing ( 40 ) is engageable with the fastener ( 16 ) and the longitudinal member ( 12 ). A member ( 70 ) applies a force to prevent relative movement between the fastener ( 16 ) and the housing ( 40 ) and permit manual movement of the fastener ( 16 ) relative to the housing ( 40 ) against the force when the longitudinal member ( 12 ) is disengaged from the spacer ( 60 ). A clamping mechanism ( 90 ) clamps the longitudinal member ( 12 ), the spacer ( 60 ), and the housing ( 40 ) to the fastener ( 16 ) to prevent movement of the fastener relative to the housing.

Methods for connecting a longitudinal member to a bone portion

A spring cushioned shoe (2) is disclosed. The shoe includes a sole assembly (4, 4') that has a first spring (15; 50, 52) disposed within a vacuity (6, 54) in the heel portion of the assembly, and a second spring (19; 73, 74) disposed within a vacuity (7, 66) in the ball portion of the assembly. The springs are, e.g., wave springs that extend vertically from the upper to lower internal boundaries of the vacuities.

Spring cushioned shoe

A circular multi-wave composite compression spring (10) is formed from a carbon fiber (58) reinforced laminate. The circular compression spring (10) is comprised of unidirectional graphite fibers (58) encased in a polymeric resin of generally rectangular cross-section such that adjacent crests (14) and troughs (16) of the waves in adjacent turns (12) of the spring (10) contact each other along a radial line generally extending from the longitudinal axis (30) of the spring (10). The line contact provides for increased fatigue life and more stable loading of the spring (10) under compression. The carbon fiber reinforced laminate provides comparable strength characteristics similarly configured springs fabricated from conventional materials while providing significantly reduced weight. Furthermore, the composite spring (10) offers increased performance parameters such as increased linearity response over a wider spring deflection range and with insignificant hysteresis.

Composite multi-wave compression spring

An interlaced wave spring is formed from two constituent wave springs of similar thickness, amplitude and frequency The two constituent wave springs are combined together by interlacing them so that the spring turns of each spring abut each other for substantially the entire length of the interlaced spring This interlacing effectively increases the thickness of the spring turns of the interlaced spring to thereby provide increased loading and greater fatigue resistance characteristics

Interlaced wave spring

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Interlaced wave spring