OF DISSERTATION HYDROLOGIC MONITORING AND 2-D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING FOR JOINT GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHALLOW COLLUVIAL LANDSLIDES Landslide characterization and hazard assessments require multidisciplinary approaches that connect geologic processes with geotechnical parameters. Field monitoring of hydrologic variables such as water content and water potential, coupled with geoelectrical measurements that can establish relationships used for geotechnical and landslide hazard investigations is deficient. This study brings together different techniques to develop a methodology that connects geoelectrical measurements and shear strength. A field-based framework was established that includes (1) analysis of long-term soil moisture fluctuations within different landslides (2) establishment of constitutive and new equations that test the use of electrical conductivity to predict soil-water relationships and shear strength (3) using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to support and facilitate the prediction of shear strength in a slope. Hydrologic conditions including volumetric water content, water potential, and electrical conductivity in the soil were measured at three active landslides in Kentucky. The in-situ electrical conductivity used within the framework is valid as a predictor of suction stress and shear strength. The ERT supports interpretations of landslide failure zones, landslide type, lithologic boundaries, and changes in moisture conditions, but also is able to utilize the methodology to calculate shear strength, and provide a spatial view of shear strength in the slope. The practical application of this framework is to support landslide hazard assessment and further understand the long-term influence of moisture conditions in hillslope soils. These parameters are pertinent to investigating the stability of landslides that are often triggered or reactivated by rainfall.

Hydrologic monitoring and 2-d electrical resistivity imaging for joint geophysical and geotechnical characterization of shallow colluvial landslides

OF DISSERTATION CHARACTERIZATIONS OF LINEAR GROUND MOTION SITE RESPONSE IN THE NEW MADRID AND WABASH VALLEY SEISMIC ZONES AND SEISMICITY IN THE NORTHERN EASTERN TENNESSEE SEISMIC ZONE AND ROME TROUGH, EASTERN KENTUCKY The central and eastern United States is subject to seismic hazards from both natural and induced earthquakes, as evidenced by the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence, consisting of at least three magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes, and by four magnitude 5 and greater induced earthquakes in Oklahoma since 2011. To mitigate seismic hazards, both earthquake sources and their effects need to be characterized. Ground motion site response can cause additional damage to susceptible infrastructure and buildings. Recent studies indicate that Vs30, one of the primary siteresponse predictors used in current engineering practice, is not reliable. To investigate site response in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, ratios of surface-to-bedrock amplitude spectra, TFT, from S-wave recordings at the two deep vertical seismic arrays in the sediment-filled upper Mississippi Embayment (i.e., VSAP and CUSSO) were calculated. The mean TFT curves were compared with theoretical transfer functions; the results were comparable, indicating that TFT estimates of the empirical, linear SH-wave site responses at these sites. The suitability of surface S-wave horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios, H/V, for estimating the empirical site transfer function was also evaluated. The results indicate that mean Swave H/V curves are similar to TFT at low frequencies (less than the fifth natural frequencies) at both CUSSO and VSAP. SH-wave fundamental frequency, f0, and fundamental-mode amplification, A0, were evaluated as alternatives to the Vs30 proxy to estimate primary linear site-response characteristics at VSAP, CUSSO, and nine other seismic stations in the CEUS. In addition, calculated f0 and A0 were compared with the first peaks of S-wave H/V spectral ratios. The f0 and A0 were found to approximate the 1-D linear, viscoelastic, fundamental-mode responses at most stations. Also, S-wave H/V from weak-motion earthquakes can be used to measure f0. However, S-wave H/V does not reliably estimate A0 in the project area. Swave H/V observations reveal site response within the frequency band of engineering interest from deeper, unmodeled geological structures. Because damaging or felt earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal have occurred in the CEUS, characterizing background seismicity prior to new large-scale subsurface fluid injection is important to identify cases of and the potential for induced seismicity. The Rogersville Shale in the Rome Trough of eastern Kentucky is being tested for unconventional oil and gas potential; production of this shale requires hydraulic fracturing, which has been linked to induced seismicity elsewhere in the CEUS. To characterize natural seismicity and to monitor induced seismicity during testing, a temporary seismic network was deployed in the Rome Trough near the locations of new, Rogersville Shale oil and gas test wells. Using the real-time recordings of this network and those of other regional seismic stations, three years of local seismicity were cataloged. Only three earthquakes occurred in the Rome Trough of eastern Kentucky, none of which was associated with the deep Rogersville Shale test wells that were stimulated during the time the network was in operation.

/pdf/characterizations-of-linear-ground-motion-site-response-in-2kzlmawlyz.pdf

Characterizations of linear ground motion site response in the new madrid and wabash valley seismic zones and seismicity in the northern eastern tennessee seismic zone and rome trough, eastern kentucky

/pdf/20-cool-facts-about-the-new-madrid-seismic-zone-21za1oaoya.pdf

20 cool facts about the New Madrid Seismic Zone-Commemorating the bicentennial of the New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 1811-February 1812 [poster]

This study aims to create a scientific map of supply chain automation research focusing on human resources management, which will be applicable in practice and widen the knowledge in theory. It introduces the scientific articles, subject areas and dominant research topics related to supply chain automation, focusing on human resources management. In this study, 509 publications retrieved from the Scopus database were analyzed by a novel methodological approach – a smart bibliometric literature review using Latent Dirichlet Allocation with Gibbs sampling. The study processes scientific articles with automated tools. It uses a novel machine-learning-based methodological approach to identify latent topics from many scientific articles. This approach creates the possibility of comprehensively capturing the areas of supply chain automation focusing on human resources management and offers a science map of this rapidly developing area. This kind of smart literature review based on a machine learning approach can process a large number of documents. Simultaneously, it can find topics that a standard bibliometric analysis would not show. The authors of the study identified six topics related to supply chain automation, focusing on human resources management, specifically (1) network design, (2) sustainable performance and practices, (3) efficient production, (4) technology-based innovations and changes, (5) management of business and operations, and (6) global company strategies. The study’s results offer key insights for decision-makers, illuminating essential themes related to automation integration in the supply chain and the vital role of human resources in this transformation. The limitations of this study are the qualitative level of results provided by the machine learning approach, which does not contain manual analysis of documents and the subjectivity of the expert process to set the appropriate number of topics. 

Navigating the human element: Unveiling insights into workforce dynamics in supply chain automation through smart bibliometric analysis

Meltdown at Browns Ferry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review existing smart manufacturing (SM) maturity models' dimensions and maturity levels to assess their applicability and drawbacks. There are many maturity models available but many of them have not been validated or do not provide a useful guide or tool for applications. This gap creates the need for a review of the existing maturity model's applicability.Design/methodology/approachNineteen peer-reviewed maturity models related to “Digital Transformation,” “Industry 4.0” or “Smart Manufacturing” were selected based on a systematic literature review and five consulting firm models were selected based on the author's industry knowledge. The chosen models were analyzed to determine 10 categories of dimensions. Then they are assessed on a 1–5 scale for how applicable they are in the 10 categories of dimensions.FindingsThe five “consulting firm” models have a first-mover advantage, are more widely used in industry and are more applicable, but some require payment, and they lack published details and validation. The 19 “peer reviewed” models are not as widely used, lack awareness in the industry and are not as easy to apply because of no web tool for self-assessment, but they are improving. The categories defined to characterize the models and facilitate comparisons for users include “Information Technology (IT) and Cyber-Physical System (CPS) and Data,” “Strategy and Organization,” “Supply Chain and Logistics,” “Products and Services,” “Culture and Employees,” “Technology and Capabilities,” “Customer and Market,” “Cybersecurity and Risk,” “Leadership and Management” and “Governance and Compliance.” The analyzed maturity models were particularly weak in the areas of cybersecurity, leadership and governance.Practical implicationsResearchers and practitioners can use this review with consideration of their specific needs to determine if a maturity model is applicable or if a new model needs to be developed. The review can also aid in the development of maturity models through the discussion of each of the dimension categories.Originality/valueCompared to existing reviews of SM maturity models, this research determines comprehensive dimension categories and focuses on applicability and drawbacks.

http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan

Smart manufacturing maturity models and their applicability: a review

Over the last 20 years, researchers at the University of Kentucky have collected seismic-reflection and refraction data to characterize seismic velocity models of the soil-sediment overburden throughout the central United States. The data are in different forms, such as published reports, theses, and journal articles, and in digital form. In order to construct a unified database for easier management, access, and use, Microsoft Access was used to design the data structure and field properties. The database consists of four tables with unified field names, data type, and units. An ArcGIS geodatabase with the same data structure as the Access database was then created for visualization and querying capability. The compiled seismic velocity data used the same data types and units, and were stored in both databases. The databases are flexible, so that new data and data types can be added and joined with existing databases at the Kentucky Geological Survey. Introduction Seismic velocity data are primarily used to characterize and model the soil-sediment overburden in order to determine the ground-motion site effects during an earthquake. The weighted-average shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m (Vs30) of soil-bedrock, in particular, has been used to account for ground-motion site effects in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program provisions (Building Seismic Safety Council, 1998, 2009). Nonlithified sediments, including alluvial deposits, can alter ground-motion characteristics such as amplitude, frequency content, and duration (Kramer, 1996). A classic example of these site effects was in September 1985, when parts of Mexico City were severely damaged during the Michoacan earthquake, whose epicenter was nearly 300 km away. The greatest damage resulted from ground-motion amplification through 10 to 80 m of lake-bed sediment (Singh and others, 1988). Woolery and others (2008) showed that the significant damage ($3 million) in Maysville, Ky., was caused by amplified ground motion of the near-surface soft soils during the 1980 Sharpsburg earthquake. Much of the New Madrid Zone is underlain by thick, unlithified deposits of sand, gravel, and clay (Fig. 1), which can cause local ground-motion site effects. The New Madrid Seismic Zone and nearby Wabash Valley Seismic Zone are complex systems of faults mostly beneath the surface and are outlined by epicenters of earthquakes (Fig. 2). The New Madrid Seismic Zone is one of the most seismically active areas east of the Rocky Mountains and home to an average of 200 earthquakes a year with magnitude greater than M 1.5 (Williams and others, 2011). During the last two decades, researchers at the University of Kentucky have collected much seismic velocity data, particularly from the vicinity of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, including western Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and northwestern Tennessee. Many data have also been acquired from the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone, located in southern Indiana and Il-

/pdf/seismic-velocity-database-for-the-new-madrid-seismic-zone-4kyhws6w8f.pdf

Seismic Velocity Database for the New Madrid Seismic Zone and Its Vicinity

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Smart manufacturing maturity models and their applicability: a review

Seismic Velocity Database for the New Madrid Seismic Zone and Its Vicinity