The Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become popular in diverse domains such as e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking, etc. With increased deployment of IoT devices in the real world, they can be, and in some cases, already are subject to malicious attacks to compromise the security and privacy of the IoT devices. While a number of researchers have explored such security challenges and open problems in IoT, there is an unfortunate lack of a systematic study of the security challenges in the IoT landscape. In this paper, we aim at bridging this gap by conducting a thorough analysis of IoT security challenges and problems. We present a detailed analysis of IoT attack surfaces, threat models, security issues, requirements, forensics, and challenges. We also provide a set of open problems in IoT security and privacy to guide the attention of researchers into solving the most critical problems.

http://secret.cis.uab.edu/media/mahmud2015scc-iotsecuritysurvey.pdf

Towards an Analysis of Security Issues, Challenges, and Open Problems in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem that integrates physical objects, software and hardware to interact with each other. Aging of population, shortage of healthcare resources, and rising medical costs make IoT-based technologies necessary to be tailored to address these challenges in healthcare. This systematic literature review has been conducted to determine the main application area of IoT in healthcare, components of IoT architecture in healthcare, most important technologies in IoT, characteristics of cloud-based architecture, security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture and effects, and challenges of IoT in healthcare. Sixty relevant papers, published between 2000 and 2016, were reviewed and analyzed. This analysis revealed that home healthcare service was one of the main application areas of IoT in healthcare. Cloud-based architecture, by providing great flexibility and scalability, has been deployed in most of the reviewed studies. Communication technologies including wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (LoWPAN) were frequently used in different IoT models. The studies regarding the security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture in health are still low in number. With respect to the most important effects of IoT in healthcare, these included ability of information exchange, decreasing stay of hospitalization and healthcare costs. The main challenges of IoT in healthcare were security and privacy issues.

The application of internet of things in healthcare: a systematic literature review and classification

Rapid developments in the fields of information and communication technology and microelectronics allowed seamless interconnection among various devices letting them to communicate with each other. This technological integration opened up new possibilities in many disciplines including healthcare and well-being. With the aim of reducing healthcare costs and providing improved and reliable services, several healthcare frameworks based on Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) have been developed. However, due to the critical and heterogeneous nature of healthcare data, maintaining high quality of service (QoS)—in terms of faster responsiveness and data-specific complex analytics—has always been the main challenge in designing such systems. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a five-layered heterogeneous mist, fog, and cloud-based IoHT framework capable of efficiently handling and routing (near-)real-time as well as offline/batch mode data. Also, by employing software defined networking and link adaptation-based load balancing, the framework ensures optimal resource allocation and efficient resource utilization. The results, obtained by simulating the framework, indicate that the designed network via its various components can achieve high QoS, with reduced end-to-end latency and packet drop rate, which is essential for developing next generation ${e}$ -healthcare systems.

/pdf/toward-a-heterogeneous-mist-fog-and-cloud-based-framework-3sjml4ef1t.pdf

Toward a Heterogeneous Mist, Fog, and Cloud-Based Framework for the Internet of Healthcare Things

Methods and apparatus for management of network slices in a communication network such as a 5 th generation wireless communication network are provided. Management planes may be provided which are separate from the plurality of network slices. A connection manager residing in a management plane receives an indication that a mobile device is to be associated with the communication network. The connection manager may reside at an access node or in the core network. A network slice is determined, and the connection manager transmits instructions, to one or more network nodes, to associate the mobile device with the network slice. The instructions may be provided to a local connection manager. The slice may be requested explicitly by the mobile device, or determined based on device and/or network requirements.

System and method for virtualized functions in control and data planes

IoT-aided robotics applications

In one embodiment, a method comprises identifying, by an orchestrator executed by a physical machine, a plurality of virtualized network functions required for implementation of a virtualized network service for a customer, each virtualized network function having a corresponding and distinct virtualized container specifying attributes for defining execution of the corresponding virtualized network function within one or more physical machines; and setting by the orchestrator an interdependency indicator within each virtualized container based on association with the virtualized network service, enabling identification of each of the virtualized network functions as interdependent for coordinated execution of the virtualized network service.

Defining interdependent virtualized network functions for service level orchestration

A serving gateway updates location information for a mobile device based on information in an update bearer request. The serving gateway receives a first update bearer request for a mobile device. The first update bearer request includes a first address associated with a micro cellular service base station to which the mobile device is in communication. The micro cellular service base station is associated with a physical location. The serving gateway sends a location notification to a location server, indicating that the mobile device is physically near the micro cellular service base station. The serving gateway receives a second update bearer request for the mobile device including an address associated with a macro cellular service base station. The serving gateway sends another location notification to the location server indicating that the mobile device is no longer at the physical location of the micro cellular service base station.

Serving Gateway-Based Presence/Location Detection

An example method is provided in one example embodiment and includes intercepting a setup request for a session via a small cell network portion associated with a wide area network (WAN) instance, wherein the WAN instance comprises the small cell network portion and an enterprise network portion and wherein the small cell network portion and the enterprise network portion are interconnected to a service provider network; classifying the session to a particular WAN priority queue, wherein a plurality of WAN priority queues are configured for the WAN instance; determining whether the particular WAN priority queue has available bandwidth for the session; allocating bandwidth for the particular WAN priority queue if the particular WAN priority queue has available bandwidth; and permitting the session to be established if the particular WAN priority queue has available bandwidth

System and method to provide dynamic bandwidth allocation over wide area networks

To assess the performance of a cellular wireless network such as GSM, UMTS and LTE etc., performance counters are logged and maintained by the network management system (NMS). Due to the complexity of a network, the number of these performance counters is typically very large, and the analysis of these data is very difficult. In a typical situation, only a few number of key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to represent the performance status of the network. As a result, the vast amount of data contained in the NMS database is not fully utilized. If the network operator can exploit such data more fully, more insights regarding the network behaviours can be obtained and extracted. These insights are also very helpful in diagnosing network problems. This paper proposes applying what is known as the market basket analysis to analyse the network KPIs. The bridging of these two seemingly unrelated domains is done via the use of association rules mining. An example is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this approach.

On association rules mining in the context of wireless networks

In an example, there is disclosed a method of operating a long-term evolution (LTE) network device, including: communicatively coupling to a public data network gateway (PGW); providing an LTE function; receiving an incoming packet; looking up a destination of the incoming packet on a tunneling table including a tunneling endpoint identifier (TEID) and an internet protocol (IP) address; determining that the destination of the incoming packet is reachable via a route shorter than traversing the PGW; and routing the packet via the shorter route, comprising cutting through a tunnel for the packet. There is also disclosed an apparatus and a computer-readable medium for performing the method.

Optimizing traffic in a packet core network

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