J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

A spectrometric and chromatographic approach to the study of ageing of madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) dyestuff on wool.

Photofading mechanisms of dyes in solution and polymer media

The Relationship between Dye Structure and Fastness Properties

Irradiation of aqueous solutions of biacetyl (2, 3–butanedione), oxygen and a variety of different azo dyes with light has been shown to result in the rapid oxidation of the dye to phenolic and quinonoid products. The quantum efficiency values of the dyes and the oxygen consumption during fading of some commercially available and some laboratory–synthesised azo dyes have been measured. The photo–oxidation was found to be inhibited by phenolic compounds. Since these compounds are products of the photo–oxidation of azo dyes, they could play an important role in the determination of the dyes' light fastness properties. As keto groups are present in many substrates, the ketone–sensitised photo–oxidation could be relevant in the fading of azo dyes.

Photo–oxidation of azo dyes in the presence of biacetyl and oxygen

Published evidence relating the rate of fading of a colorant to its physical state in the substrate, and to the photochemical layer effect, is discussed, and a new theoretical Model of light fading is proposed. In this the rate of oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere is considered, first in traversing the polymeric substrate, and then in entering an embedded colorant particle, under illumination. Expressions are derived which show that the rate of fading should vary with I/a2 (a = radius of particle), for large particles. As the particles become smaller, the rate tends towards a 1/a dependence, and eventually, with very small particles, it is independent of their size. Recently reported rates of fading of pigments of measured particle size gave results in agreement with the present treatment; the smallest particles thus considered are of the same order of magnitude as those of high light fastness direct dyes in cellulose, as observed by electron microscopy. Thus the model may be applicable to at least some water-soluble dyes as well as pigments.

The Relation between Light Fastness of Colorants and their Particle Size

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ag(NO2)(C14H14N4)]n, contains half of the repeating formula unit (Z′ = 1/2). The AgI ion lies on a twofold rotation axis. The primary structure consists of a one-dimensional coordination polymer formed by the AgI ions and the bipyridyl azine ligand in which there is an inversion center at the mid-point of the N—N bond. The nitrite anion inter­acts with the AgI ion through a chelating μ2 inter­action involving both O atoms. In the crystal, the coordination chains are parallel and inter­act through Ag⋯π [3.220 (2) A] and π–π [3.489 (3) A] inter­actions.

catena-Poly[[(nitrito-kappa O-2,O ')silver(I)]-mu-1,2-bis[1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine-kappa N-2:N ']

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The Relation between Light Fastness of Colorants and their Particle Size

catena-Poly[[(nitrito-kappa O-2,O ')silver(I)]-mu-1,2-bis[1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine-kappa N-2:N ']