http://www.materias.unq.edu.ar/bq02/temas/Bibliografia%20Monografias%20Turno%20Manana%20-%20Enhanced%20CO2%20fixation%20and%20biofuel%20production%20via%20microalgae.%20recent%20developments%20and%20future%20directions.pdf

Enhanced CO2 fixation and biofuel production via microalgae: recent developments and future directions

Microalgae: A potential alternative to health supplementation for humans

Keeping in view the challenges concerning agro-ecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the complex environmental problems. Several unique features of cyanobacteria such as oxygenic photosynthesis, high biomass yield, growth on non-arable lands and a wide variety of water sources (contaminated and polluted waters), generation of useful by-products and bio-fuels, enhancing the soil fertility and reducing green house gas emissions, have collectively offered these bio-agents as the precious bio-resource for sustainable development. Cyanobacterial biomass is the effective bio-fertilizer source to improve soil physico-chemical characteristics such as water-holding capacity and mineral nutrient status of the degraded lands. The unique characteristics of cyanobacteria include their ubiquity presence, short generation time and capability to fix the atmospheric N2. Similar to other prokaryotic bacteria, the cyanobacteria are increasingly applied as bio-inoculants for improving soil fertility and environmental quality. Genetically engineered cyanobacteria have been devised with the novel genes for the production of a number of bio-fuels such as bio-diesel, bio-hydrogen, bio-methane, syngas and therefore, open new avenues for the generation of bio-fuels in the economically sustainable manner. This review is an effort to enlist the valuable information about the qualities of cyanobacteria and their potential role in solving the agricultural and environmental problems for the future welfare of the planet.

Cyanobacteria: A Precious Bio-resource in Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environmental Sustainability

Biofixation of carbon dioxide by Spirulina sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in a three-stage serial tubular photobioreactor

The rapid growth of human population has led to mounting energy demands, which is projected to increase by 50% or more by 2030. The natural petroleum can not catch-up the current consumption rate, which is already reported to be 105 times faster than nature can create. Besides, the use of fossil fuels is devastating to our environment through greenhouse gas emissions and consequent global warming. Therefore, the search for ‘clean’ energy has become the most overwhelming challenges. Currently, several alternatives are being studied and implemented. Biofuels, fuels from living organisms, provide environmental benefits, since their use leads to a decrease in the harmful emissions of CO2 and hydrocarbons and, to the elimination of SOx emissions, with a consequent decrease in the greenhouse effects. Unfortunately, the present biofuel projections are based on feed-stocks that are also food commodities and resources suitable for conventional agriculture. One possibility to overcome the problem is the cultivation of micro-algae and switching to third generation biofuels, which seem to be a promising source since algae are able to efficiently convert sunlight, water, and CO2 into a variety of products suitable for renewable energy applications. Therefore, this review is intended to recapitulate current works on micro-algal biofuel production potential and discuss possible ways to put it into practice. This review starts by highlighting the advantages and various forms of micro-algal biofuels. Some of the micro-algal species proved to be suitable for biofuel production so far are considered, with particular emphasis on Scenedesmus obliquus. The recent attempts and achievements in improving the economies of production through genetic and metabolic engineering of micro-algal strains are also addressed. Other potential applications such as wastewater treatment and CO2 mitigation that can be coupled with biofuel production are described. Finally, the promises and challenges of algae to biofuel industry are uncovered.

Microalgae to biofuels: ‘Promising’ alternative and renewable energy, review

Tolerance of microalgae to high CO2 and high temperature

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Tolerance of microalgae to high CO2 and high temperature