Agenda item 8 Approaches to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate to enhance adaptive capacity 1 – Activities to be undertaken under the work programme Approaches to address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate to enhance adaptive capacity 1-Activities to be undertaken under the work programme Draft conclusions proposed by the Chair Addendum Recommendation by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation The Subsidiary Body for Implementation, at its thirty-fifth session, decided to recommend the following draft decision for adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session: The Conference of the Parties, Recalling its decision 1/CP.16, whereby the Conference of the Parties decided to establish a work programme in order to consider approaches to address loss and damage 1 Decision 1/CP.16, paragraphs 26–29.

Framework Convention on Climate Change

There is growing awareness that ‘nature-based solutions' (NbS) can help to protect us from climate change impacts while slowing further warming, supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem servi...

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0120

Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges

The global response to warming of 1.5oC comprises transitions in land and ecosystem, energy, urban and infrastructure, and industrial systems. The feasibility of mitigation and adaptation options, and the enabling conditions for strengthening and implementing the systemic changes, are assessed in this chapter.

Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response

Multiscale land use impacts on water quality: Assessment, planning, and future perspectives in Brazil.

Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography

Dredging versus hedging: Comparing hard infrastructure to ecosystem-based adaptation to flooding

This paper quantifies the economic impacts of flooding in the Ba River and Penang River catchments in Viti Levu, Fiji. We conducted a detailed assessment of flood damage stemming from two major flooding events in 2012 that severely affected the two important catchments, primarily by using evidence from a novel survey administered in early 2013. We combine these empirical measures of damage with GIS data to estimate total damages from flooding and find that the January 2012 flood caused FJ$36.4 and FJ$12.2 in damages for the Ba River and Penang River catchments, respectively, while the March 2012 flood caused FJ$24.1 and FJ$8.4 in damages for the Ba River and Penang River catchments, respectively. We then estimate the cost of future flooding under moderate and severe climate change projections. Flooding is projected to become more frequent and more severe under both scenarios, with annual losses increasing by 100% with moderate climate change and by 300% with severe climate change. For perspective, damages...

Climate change and the economic impacts of flooding on Fiji

Climate change costs more than we think because people adapt less than we assume

Land policies around the world tend to focus on support for agricultural output. We argue that this leads to ineffective public expenditure, environmental harm and missed opportunities for the use of rural resources. Applying thinking centred on ecosystems services to the governance of rural land would secure greater social value.

/pdf/focus-rural-land-policies-on-ecosystem-services-not-4ul9y4dvbo.pdf

Focus rural land policies on ecosystem services, not agriculture.

Climate change linked to anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases is projected to have substantial effects on Earth's water resources. Changes in the amount and timing of runoff are environmentally, socially and economically important. While many studies worldwide focus on the hydrological effects of projected climate change, there have been few such studies in the Otago region of New Zealand, an important region for hydropower and agriculture. This investigation examines the effects of projected climate change on runoff in Otago, focusing on two tributaries of the Clutha River: the Lindis and the Matukituki. Runoff in these two catchments was modelled using the semi-distributed hydrological model TopNet. This hydrological model uses projections from 12 different General Circulation Models (GCMs), based on the moderate A1B emissions scenario, for two future time periods: 2030-2049, and 2080-2099. For each time period, projected monthly runoff totals were produced for each catchment. GCM ensemble mean annual runoff increased in both catchments in both future time periods: by 20.4% for the Lindis for the 2080-2099 period and by 12.8% for the Matukituki. All 12 GCM ensemble members show increasing annual runoff for the Lindis in the 2080-2099 scenario (ranging from 6.4 to 37.5%), with just one ensemble member showing a decrease for the Matukituki (range: -4.0 to +26.7%). Uncertainty between GCMs is greater for mean monthly runoff, with no clear signal either side of the baseline in a number of months. However, all GCMs indicate large increases in July-August runoff, which has the effect of amplifying the seasonal cycle of runoff for the Lindis while reducing it for the Matukituki. These changes in seasonality are consistent with projected increases in winter precipitation, as well as a larger proportion of this precipitation falling as rain rather than snow.

/pdf/the-effects-of-climate-change-on-runoff-in-the-lindis-and-1bh20dcts8.pdf

The effects of climate change on runoff in the Lindis and Matukituki catchments, Otago, New Zealand

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