List of Abbreviations Text of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 11 April 1980 Foreword Preamble PART I: SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Sphere of Application 2. General Provisions PART II: FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT PART III: SALE OF GOODS 1. General Provisions 2. Obligations of the Seller 3. Obligations of the Buyer 4. Passing of Risk 5. Provisions common to the Obligations of the Seller and of the Buyer PART IV: FINAL PROVISIONS Annexes Index

Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG)

Einstein's razor, a corollary of Ockham's razor, is often paraphrased as follows: make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler. This rule of thumb describes the challenge that designers of a legal system face--to craft simple laws that produce desired ends, but not to pursue simplicity so far as to undermine those ends. Complexity, simplicity's inverse, taxes cognition and increases the likelihood of suboptimal decisions. In addition, unnecessary legal complexity can drive a misallocation of human capital toward comprehending and complying with legal rules and away from other productive ends. While many scholars have offered descriptive accounts or theoretical models of legal complexity, most empirical research to date has been limited to simple measures of size, such as the number of pages in a bill. No extant research rigorously applies a meaningful model to real data. As a consequence, we have no reliable means to determine whether a new bill, regulation, order, or precedent substantially effects legal complexity. In this paper, we begin to address this need by developing a proposed empirical framework for measuring relative legal complexity. This framework is based on "knowledge acquisition", an approach at the intersection of psychology and computer science, which can take into account the structure, language, and interdependence of law. We then demonstrate the descriptive value of this framework by applying it to the U.S. Code's Titles, scoring and ranking them by their relative complexity. We measure various features of a title including its structural size, the net flow of its intra-title citations and its linguistic entropy. Our framework is flexible, intuitive, and transparent, and we offer this approach as a first step in developing a practical methodology for assessing legal complexity.

Measuring the complexity of the law: the United States Code

/pdf/commercial-common-law-the-united-nations-convention-on-the-41dua8yjzc.pdf

Commercial Common Law, the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods, and the Inertia of Habit

Einstein’s razor, a corollary of Ockham’s razor, is often paraphrased as follows: make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler. This rule of thumb describes the challenge that designers of a legal system face — to craft simple laws that produce desired ends, but not to pursue simplicity so far as to undermine those ends. Complexity, simplicity’s inverse, taxes cognition and increases the likelihood of suboptimal decisions. In addition, unnecessary legal complexity can drive a misallocation of human capital toward comprehending and complying with legal rules and away from other productive ends.While many scholars have offered descriptive accounts or theoretical models of legal complexity, empirical research to date has been limited to simple measures of size, such as the number of pages in a bill. No extant research rigorously applies a meaningful model to real data. As a consequence, we have no reliable means to determine whether a new bill, regulation, order, or precedent substantially effects legal complexity.In this paper, we address this need by developing a proposed empirical framework for measuring relative legal complexity. This framework is based on “knowledge acquisition,” an approach at the intersection of psychology and computer science, which can take into account the structure, language, and interdependence of law. We then demonstrate the descriptive value of this framework by applying it to the U.S. Code’s Titles, scoring and ranking them by their relative complexity. Our framework is flexible, intuitive, and transparent, and we offer this approach as a first step in developing a practical methodology for assessing legal complexity.

Measuring the Complexity of the Law: The United States Code

Commentary on the UN convention on the international sale ofgoods (CISG)

We suffer today from a massive increase in the number and complexity of rules that govern social relations. Consider, for example, the many statutory sources of law that now regulate the various aspects of modern commercial practice. The center of this universe of codification is, of course, the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC” or “Code”). Since first enacted by Pennsylvania in 1953, both the number of articles and the number of sections in the Code have multiplied dramatically. The 1998 revision of UCC Article 9 is instructive. Although the statutory language of the pre-revision text was unquestionably simpler, the drafting committee had to weigh the implications of judicial decisions spanning more than four decades, as well as the societal changes they reflected. The

/pdf/commercial-law-s-complexity-3zyjg8kl8i.pdf

Commercial Law's Complexity

/pdf/commenting-on-purpose-in-the-uniform-commercial-code-2x90l5o8qz.pdf

Commenting on "Purpose" in the Uniform Commercial Code

This article examines three of the forthcoming amendments to Article 9 in some detail: (1) the required name of an individual on a financing statement; (2) the perfection of collateral following the debtor's relocation to a new jurisdiction; and (3) collateral acquired by a new debtor. In the interest of brevity, the discussion of other, less noteworthy, amendments of the statutory text and Official Comments is not as complete. The primary purpose of this article is to off er guidance to legal professionals confronting particular issues under current and future Article 9.

The Recent Amendments to UCC Article 9: Problems and Solutions

https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1759&context=law-faculty-publications

Much Ado About Nothing: Achieving "Essential" Negotiability in an Electronic Environment

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