THE ability of cells to interact and communicate is a biological phenomenon that developed with the evolution of multicellular organisms. The cell-cell interactions that have evolved are essential for the survival of both simple organisms such as dictyostelium and complex organisms such as mammals. These cellular associations allow an organism to develop capacities that are greater than the simple sum of their individual parts. As early as 1878, Claude Bernard proposed that the “milieu interieur” (i.e. internally produced fluid environment) and a cybernetic-like control system (i.e. cell-cell interactions and communication) in multicellular organisms are needed to adaptively regulate the growth, development, and maintenance of normal tissue function (1, 2). The experimental analysis of cellular interactions was initiated with the investigation of cell aggregation in simple organisms such as sponges (3, 4) and progressed into the areas of embryology (5) and cell biology (6, 7). Analysis of cell biology on ...

Cell-Cell Interactions in the Testis

Summary. A case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma in a 51-year-old female is reported. The histogenesis of this tumor is discussed. The clinicopathological features of 10 previously reported similar tumors of the CNS are briefly reviewed. Histologically the tumor was polymorphic, but composed of poorly differentiated cells interpreted as rhabdomyoblasts without definite cross-striation. Electron microscopy established that the poorly differentiated cells were of rhabdomyosarcoma tous nature, compatible with presumptive myoblasts and analogous to developing fetal muscle.

An Ultrastructural Study

Varicoceles are found in 19 to 41% of infertile men, and is one treatable form of male infertility. The mechanism by which varicoceles cause the variable effect on male infertility and spermatogenesis is still unknown. Experimental animal models play a useful (but limited) role due to the sudden and variable iatrogenic nature of the varicoceles and the duration of the studies. Much of the human data are derived by the characterization of associated differences in measurable parameters between men with and without varicoceles. The role of hyperthermia, testicular blood flow and venous pressure changes, reflux of renal/adrenal products, hormonal dysfunction, autoimmunity, defects in acrosome reaction, and oxidative stress, in the pathophysiology of varicocele will be discussed.

/pdf/varicocele-and-male-infertility-part-ii-pathophysiology-of-4r84ozrj3c.pdf

Varicocele and male infertility: Part II: Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility

Radical Radiotherapy for Muscle Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Failure Analysis

BACKGROUND In a retrospective study we sought to dissect the factors associated with an increased occurrence of clinically significant perinephric fluid collections and lymphoceles among sirolimus-treated renal transplant recipients. METHODS We compared the incidence, predisposing factors, and consequences of these fluid collections among patients treated with sirolimus-cyclosporine (CsA)-prednisone (Pred) (n=354, group I) versus CsA-Pred with or without azathioprine (n=136, group II). RESULTS More group I patients (135/354; 38.1%) displayed perinephric fluid collections (denoted as group III) then group II patients (24/136; 17.6%) (denoted as group IV) (P <0.001). In both subgroups the serum creatinine levels were elevated at the time of diagnosis from a nadir of 2.04+/-1.61 to 4.09+/-2.95 mg/dL (group III) and from 2.53+/-2.34 to 4.36+/-2.90 mg/dL (group IV). A significantly greater number of patients required treatment for lymphoceles among group I (56/354; 15.8%) versus group II recipients (6/136; 4.4%; P<0.001). Single or repeated percutaneous drainage procedures successfully treated 35 group I patients versus all 6 group IV patients (P =0.033). No patients in group II versus 21 patients in group I underwent surgical procedures (P <0.001). A significantly higher rate and higher histologic grade of acute rejection episodes, particularly proximate to the onset of the lymphocele, occurred among group IV patients, namely 54.2% (13/24) versus 21.4% (29/135) group III patients (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Addition of sirolimus to a CsA-Pred regimen resulted in both a higher incidence and a requirement for more aggressive treatment of perinephric fluid collections and lymphoceles.

Incidence, therapy, and consequences of lymphocele after sirolimus-cyclosporine-prednisone immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients

The Gonadotropin Response of Men with Varicoceles to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone*†

The gonadotropin response of men with varicoceles to a four-hour infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Accumulation of Lymph Around the Transplanted Kidney (Lymphocele) Mimicking Renal Allograft Rejection

An ultrastructural study of an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the prostate of a 9-year-old boy is reported Cross striations in neoplastic cells were difficult to find under the light microscope The electron microscope, however, revealed large cells with poorly formed but easily recognizable myofibrils There were numerous small cells devoid of myofilaments in the vicinity as well Their cytoplasmic contents were of two types: one type had abundant free ribosomes while the other had rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus Irrespective of type, the small cells were associated either with the large cells containing myofilaments or with collagen fibrils From their disposition and ultrastructural characteristics, it was difficult to determine which type of the small cells represented the precursor of the large cells containing myofibrils and which belonged to the stromal component of the neoplasm

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. An ultrastructural study.

Intra-arterial cisplatin for bladder cancer.

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