SPIN is an efficient verification system for models of distributed software systems. It has been used to detect design errors in applications ranging from high-level descriptions of distributed algorithms to detailed code for controlling telephone exchanges. The paper gives an overview of the design and structure of the verifier, reviews its theoretical foundation, and gives an overview of significant practical applications.

/pdf/the-model-checker-spin-1bgo4jtefp.pdf

The model checker SPIN

A main distinguishing feature of a wireless network compared with a wired network is its broadcast nature, in which the signal transmitted by a node may reach several other nodes, and a node may receive signals from several other nodes simultaneously. Rather than a blessing, this feature is treated more as an interference-inducing nuisance in most wireless networks today (e.g., IEEE 802.11). The goal of this paper is to show how the concept of network coding can be applied at the physical layer to turn the broadcast property into a capacity-boosting advantage in wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, we propose a physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme to coordinate transmissions among nodes. In contrast to "straightforward" network coding which performs coding arithmetic on digital bit streams after they have been received, PNC makes use of the additive nature of simultaneously arriving electromagnetic (EM) waves for equivalent coding operation. PNC can yield higher capacity than straight-forward network coding when applied to wireless networks. We believe this is a first paper that ventures into EM-wave-based network coding at the physical layer and demonstrates its potential for boosting network capacity. PNC opens up a whole new research area because of its implications and new design requirements for the physical, MAC, and network layers of ad hoc wireless stations. The resolution of the many outstanding but interesting issues in PNC may lead to a revolutionary new paradigm for wireless ad hoc networking.

Hot topic: physical-layer network coding

Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits, as well as in other fields, such as optics. Although progress has been made in understanding the phenomenon, there still remain significant gaps, both in its fundamental theory and in numerical techniques for its characterization. In this paper, we develop a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism. We establish novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random. We obtain an exact nonlinear equation for phase error, which we solve without approximations for random perturbations. This leads us to a precise characterization of timing jitter and spectral dispersion, for computing of which we have developed efficient numerical methods. We demonstrate our techniques on a variety of practical electrical oscillators and obtain good matches with measurements, even at frequencies close to the carrier, where previous techniques break down. Our methods are more than three orders of magnitude faster than the brute-force Monte Carlo approach, which is the only previously available technique that can predict phase noise correctly.

Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization

Cyclostationarity: half a century of research

Regular Article: A Fast Adaptive Multipole Algorithm in Three Dimensions

Integral equation techniques are often used to extract models of integrated circuit structures. This extraction involves solving a dense system of linear equations, and using direct solution methods is prohibitive for large problems. In this paper, we present IES/sup 3/ (pronounced "ice cube"), a fast Integral Equation Solver for three-dimensional problems with arbitrary kernels. Extraction methods based on IES/sup 3/ are substantially more efficient than existing multipole-based approaches.

/pdf/ies3-a-fast-integral-equation-solver-for-efficient-3-2skc372quz.pdf

IES3: a fast integral equation solver for efficient 3-dimensional extraction

This paper introduces a new, efficient technique for analyzing RF noise in large circuits subjected to true multitone excitations. Noise statistics in such circuits are time-varying and are modelled in this work as cyclostationary stochastic processes, characterized in terms of their harmonic power spectral densities (HPSDs). Results from a large RF integrated circuit driven by an LO tone and a strong RF signal are presented. The analysis predicts correctly that the presence of the RF tone affects the noise significantly.

Cyclostationary noise analysis of large RF circuits with multi-tone excitations

Previous solutions to the difficult problem of identifying sequential redundancy are either based on incorrect theoretical results, or rely an unrealistic simplifying assumptions, or are applicable only to small circuits. In this paper we show the limitations of the existing definitions of sequential redundancy and introduce a new concept of c-cycle redundancy as a generalization of the conventional notion of sequential redundancy. We present an efficient algorithm, FIRES, to identify c-cycle redundancies without search. FIRES does not assume the existence of a global reset nor does it require any state transition information. FIRES has provably polynomial-time complexity and is practical for large circuits. Experimental results on benchmark circuits indicate that FIRES identifies a large number of redundancies. We show that, in general, the redundant faults identified by FIRES are not easy targets for state-of-the-art sequential rest generators.

http://www.cecs.uci.edu/~papers/compendium94-03/papers/1996/dac96/pdffiles/30_2.pdf

Identifying sequential redundancies without search

We describe a new extraction tool, EMX (Electro-Magnetic eXtractor), for the analysis of RF, analog and high-speed digital circuits. EMX is a fast full-wave field solver. It incorporates two new techniques which make it significantly faster and more memory-efficient than previous solvers. First, it takes advantage of layout regularity in typical designs. Second, EMX uses a new method for computing the vector-potential component in the mixed potential integral equation. These techniques give a speed-up of more than a factor of ten, together with a corresponding reduction in memory.

/pdf/large-scale-full-wave-simulation-3ihlax7lt5.pdf

Large-scale full-wave simulation

Symbolic verification based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) has proven to be a powerful technique for ensuring the correctness of digital hardware. In contrast, BDDs have not caught on as widely for software verification, partly because the data types used in software are more complicated than those used in hardware. In this work, we propose an extension of BDDs for dealing with dynamic data structures. Specifically, we focus on queues, since they are commonly used in modeling communication protocols. We introduce Queue BDDs (QBDDs) which include all the power of BDDs while also providing an efficient representation of queue contents. Experimental results show that QBDDs are well-suited for the verification of communication protocols.

Symbolic protocol verification with queue BDDs

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