Evidence suggests that the role of electric buses in public transit is important if we are to take steps to reduce climate change and the environmental impacts of fossil fuels. Several electric alternatives are currently operationalized, and the debate about which is most suitable is attracting considerable attention. This article provides a detailed review of various performance features for three categories of electric buses: hybrid, fuel cell, and battery. Economic, operational, energy, and environmental characteristics of each technology are reviewed in detail based on simulation models and operational data presented by various scholars in different contexts. The study develops a holistic assessment of electric buses based on side-by-side comparison of 16 features that best inform the decision making process. The review indicates that the selection process of electric technology is highly sensitive to operational context and energy profile. In addition, it highlights that hybrid buses will not provide a significant reduction in GHG and would be suitable only for short-term objectives as a stepping-stone towards full electrification of transit. Battery and fuel cell buses are arguably capable of satisfying the current operational requirements, yet initial investment remains a major barrier. Overnight Battery Electric Bus is advocated as the most suitable alternative for bus transit contexts given the expected improvements in battery technology and the trend to utilize sustainable sources in electricity generation.

Electric buses: A review of alternative powertrains

Towards sustainable business models for electric vehicle battery second use: A critical review.

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been increasingly experiencing sales growth, and it is still not clear how to handle the associated impacts of a substantial integration of EVs against the power network performance and electricity deregulated market Power networks development moves slowly compared to EVs, so it is hard to harmonize the two systems Also, the associated cost required to modernize electric networks to accommodate the EVs additional loading is so huge that it makes it impractical An electric network would suffer from many performances and quality-related problems if a significant number of EVs are not taken into account Thus, it is vital to calculate at a reasonable accuracy the additional capacity to which the network would take Also, the modeling of these EVs in terms of charge/discharge procedure (central or distributed) is essential to enable the optimization and compute potential impacts The electricity market has to interface with the bidirectional supply nature of the EVs, so they become economically feasible A business model that incorporates market structure and standards is selected in harmony with the charge/discharge model for best outcomes Some approaches, algorithms, and schemes are deemed necessary to mitigate the effects of having EVs in the network This paper presents a comprehensive review categorically on the recent advances and past research developments of EV paradigm over the last two decades The main intent of this paper is to provide an application-focused survey, where every category and subcategory herein is thoroughly and independently investigated

/pdf/electric-vehicles-beyond-energy-storage-and-modern-power-44t480i4sb.pdf

Electric Vehicles Beyond Energy Storage and Modern Power Networks: Challenges and Applications

Alternative energy policies targeting the adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) could have significant positive impacts on Malaysia’s ability to meet both its carbon reduction goal and its energy security needs. The transport sector generally contributes heavily to carbon emissions, and is also difficult to decarbonize because of the costs associated with many greener options. This study explores the possibility of decarbonizing the Malaysian transport sector by promoting the use of hydrogen vehicles, and analyzes the adoption challenges and economic obstacles (especially public acceptance) associated with introducing HFCVs. This study contends that the adoption challenges of this new technology can be overcome through the use of development strategies outlined. This study also addresses the regulatory framework that Malaysia (and other countries) might use to overcome common policy adoption challenges of HFCVs.

/pdf/introduction-of-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles-prospects-and-4n5fhhtanf.pdf

Introduction of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: prospects and challenges for Malaysia’s transition to a low-carbon economy

Electric vehicles (EVs) could be a solution to reduce final energy consumption and carbon emissions in the road transport sector. Moreover, the mobility characteristics of drivers (i.e., their average driving distance) fit better with current EV technical features on a small island than in the mainland. This paper analyzes willingness-to-change (WTC) and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for an EV in Tenerife (Canary Islands), both of which are key factors for understanding potential for EV penetration. WTC and WTP in Tenerife island are estimated based on data collected through a face-to-face survey-based contingent valuation approach. We go on to assess the impact of a set of explanatory variables on both WTC and WTP, in order to characterize the representative profile of a potential EV buyer. Informing on the basic properties of an EV and environmental concerns are found to be key factors for WTC, while income level, mobility patterns, environmental concerns and attitude-to-tech of potential buyers are found to be important factors for WTP.

Willingness to pay for electric vehicles in island regions: The case of Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Electric Vehicle Business Models

EV business models in a wider context: balancing change and continuity in the automotive industry.- Four business models for a fast commercialization of plug-in cars.- Electrification of the Powertrain in Automotive Applications: "Technology Push" or "Market Pull"?.- Identification of market models and associated billing strategies for the provision of EV charging services.- Business Case for EV charging on the Motorway Network in Denmark.- Pricing Plug-in Electric Vehicle Recharging in Multi-Unit Dwellings: Financial Viability and Fueling Costs.- Solutions and Business Models for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles.- Electric Vehicles as Grid Support.- Energy Efficiency in Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and its Impact on Total Cost of Ownership.

Electric vehicle business models : global perspectives

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Electric Vehicle Business Models

Electric vehicle business models : global perspectives