石墨烯（graphene）是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道构成的六角型呈蜂巢晶格的单层片状结构的新材料。英国曼彻斯特大学物理学家安德烈·海姆和康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫，因成功地在实验室中从石墨中分离出石墨烯，而共同获得2010年诺贝尔物理学奖。目前，它是世界上最薄却也是最坚硬的纳米材料。它几乎完全透明，导热系数高于碳纳米管和金刚石，而电阻率只有约10-6Ω·cm，比铜或银更低，为目前世上电阻率最小的材料。因其电阻率极低，电子迁移速度极快，因此被期待可用于发展出更薄、导电速度更快的新一代电子元件或晶体管。

石墨烯（graphene）

Atom-thick two-dimensional materials usually possess unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Their properties are significantly affected by defects, which could be uncontrollably introduced by irradiation. The effects of electromagnetic irradiation and particle irradiation on 2H MoS 2 two-dimensional nanolayers are reviewed in this paper, covering heavy ions, protons, electrons, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, terahertz, and infrared irradiation. Various defects in MoS 2 layers were created by the defect engineering. Here we focus on their influence on the structural, electronic, catalytic, and magnetic performance of the 2D materials. Additionally, irradiation-induced doping is discussed and involved.

Recent Progress on Irradiation-Induced Defect Engineering of Two-Dimensional 2H-MoS2 Few Layers

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with layered architecture and excellent optoelectronic properties have been a hot spot for light-emitting diodes (LED). However, the light-emitting efficiency of TMDC LEDs is still low due to the large size limit of TMDC flakes and the inefficient device architecture. First and foremost, to develop the highly-efficient and reliable few-layer TMDC LEDs, the modulation of the electronic properties of TMDCs and TMDC heterostructures is necessary. In order to create efficient TMDC LEDs with prominent performance, an in-depth understanding of the working mechanism is needed. Besides conventional structures, the electric (or ionic liquid)-induced p–n junction of TMDCs is a useful configuration for multifunctional LED applications. The significant performances are contrasted in the four aspects of color, polarity, and external quantum efficiency. The color of light ranging from infrared to visible light can be acquired from TMDC LEDs by purposeful and selective architecture construction. To date, the maximum of the external quantum efficiency achieved by TMDC LEDs is 12%. In the demand for performance, the material and configuration of the nano device can be chosen according to this review. Moreover, novel electroluminescence devices involving single-photon emitters and alternative pulsed light emitters can expand their application scope. In this review, we provide an overview of the significant investigations that have provided a wealth of detailed information on TMDC electroluminescence devices at the molecular level.

/pdf/the-highly-efficient-light-emitting-diodes-based-on-305c6im1t7.pdf

The highly-efficient light-emitting diodes based on transition metal dichalcogenides: from architecture to performance

A critical review on the carrier dynamics in 2D layered materials investigated using THz spectroscopy

Characterisation of copper and stainless steel surfaces treated with laser ablation surface engineering

In the increasing research field of 2D materials such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide MoS2 has attracted great interest due to the existence of a direct bandgap in monolayer MoS2, which gives the possibility of achieving MoS2 field-effect transistors or optoelectronic devices. We analyzed by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) up to 2 THz and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, CVD-obtained MoS2 using either S or H2S gas as a sulfur precursor, grown on a sapphire substrate. From THz-TDS we obtained the transmittance, conductivity, and attenuation. From IR spectroscopy on the same samples, we deduced the transmittance in the IR frequency range. We observed the coherence of both spectroscopic methods. The advantage of the THz-TDS method is that we can get significant parameters related to the sample quality without the need for depositing any electrical contact or sample preparation. Our results show that at high frequencies MoS2 is even better than graphene as a material for optoelectronic devices.

/pdf/thz-time-domain-spectroscopy-and-ir-spectroscopy-on-mos2-3plf3uziix.pdf

THz time-domain spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy on MoS2

Measuring the electrical surface resistance of 2D materials without contact can provide a method for obtaining their intrinsic characterisation. The aim of this paper is to show that a rutile dielectric resonator (RDR) can be used to measure the electrical surface resistance of conducting coatings deposited on substrates, at the resonance frequency. Moreover, it is known that the substrate exerts a strong influence capable of intrinsically modify the properties of the 2D materials, as found in graphene. The RDR method is used for different samples of metals (Cu, Mo, Ti, brass), carbon nanotubes (bucky paper), a film of compacted graphene flakes, a film of compacted graphene oxide flakes and graphene obtained by CVD on different substrates (SiO2/Si, quartz and PET). The results show that reasonable values can be obtained for thin conducting materials with a thickness of not less than a few micrometers. In the case of graphene grown on a substrate, the presence of graphene is clearly detected but the resistivity value cannot be extracted.

/pdf/contactless-electrical-resistance-of-2d-materials-using-a-1963whhzwz.pdf

Contactless Electrical Resistance of 2D Materials Using a Rutile Resonator

High‐Frequency Contactless Characterization of 2D Materials. Graphene, WS2

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THz time-domain spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy on MoS2

Contactless Electrical Resistance of 2D Materials Using a Rutile Resonator

High‐Frequency Contactless Characterization of 2D Materials. Graphene, WS2