The problem of which cues, internal or external, permit a person to label and identify his own emotional state has been with us since the days that James (1890) first tendered his doctrine that \"the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion\" (p. 449). Since we are aware of a variety of feeling and emotion states, it should follow from James' proposition that the various emotions will be accompanied by a variety of differentiable bodily states. Following James' pronouncement, a formidable number of studies were undertaken in search of the physiological differentiators of the emotions. The results, in these early days, were almost uniformly negative. All of the emotional states experi-

"Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state": Erratum

The social identity/self-categorization model of stress suggests that social identity can play a role in protecting group members from adverse reactions to strain because it provides a basis for group members to receive and benefit from social support. To examine this model, two studies were conducted with groups exposed to extreme levels of strain: patients recovering from heart surgery (Study 1), bomb disposal officers and bar staff (Study 2). Consistent with predictions, in both studies there was a strong positive correlation between social identification and both social support and life/job satisfaction and a strong negative correlation between social identification and stress. In both studies path analysis also indicated that social support was a significant mediator of the relationship between (a) social identification and stress and (b) social identification and life/job satisfaction. In addition, Study 2 revealed that group membership plays a significant role in perceptions of how stressful different types of work are. Implications for the conceptualization of stress and social support are discussed.

Taking the strain: Social identity, social support, and the experience of stress

Participants in the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) prison study were randomly assigned to high-status (guard) and low-status (prisoner) groups. Structural interventions increased the prisoners' sense of shared group identity and their willingness to challenge the power of the guards. Psychometric, physiological, behavioral, and observational data support the hypothesis that identity-based processes also affected participants' experience of stress. As prisoners' sense of shared identity increased, they provided each other with more social support and effectively resisted the adverse effects of situational stressors. As guards' sense of shared identity declined, they provided each other with less support and succumbed to stressors. Findings support an integrated social identity model of stress that addresses intragroup and intergroup dynamics of the stress process.

/pdf/stressing-the-group-social-identity-and-the-unfolding-3jhfgya7b9.pdf

Stressing the group: social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress.

Organizational behavior and human performance

GUION, ROBERT M. e GOTTIER, RICHARD F. "Validity of Personality Measures in Personnel Selection". Personnel Psychology, volume 18, n.o 2, verao 1965, pags. 135-164.

Validity of personality measures in personnel selection

PART I: THE ORIGINS OF THE WORLD OF WORK - Out of the Nineteenth Century - PART II: THE WORKPLACE SETTING - Organizations - The Work Environment - The Time Dimension - Work and Mental Health - The Unconscious at Work - Group Dynamics and Working-Group Relationships - Work Non-Work and In-Between - PART III: THE INDIVIDUAL's WORKING LIFE - Personality Factors - Measuring Human Abilities - Recruitment and Selection - Learning, Training and Development - Motivation - Individual Attitudes and Job Satisfaction - Leadership - PART IV: THE FUTURE AT WORK - The Effects of New Technology - Women at Work - Into the Twenty-First Century - Appendix:Key Studies - References - Index

Psychology and the World of Work

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Psychology and the World of Work