Grain yield, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different water management and fertilizer-N inputs in South China

Yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency of China's super rice

Based on the theory of ecological crop nutrient deficiency and compensation effect, the nitrogen (N) deficiency at tillering stage and N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was selected to study. Four N treatments were treated, and the effects of N deficiency and compensation were investigated on grain yield, N uptake and utilization and the physiological characteristics of rice. The results showed that the yield per plant presented an equivalent compensatory effect. Double N compensation led to superiority in the number of effective panicle per plant, increased the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. The content of endogenous growth-inhibitory hormone abscisic acid (ABA) decreased in the leaves, photosynthesis was enhanced, and the number of tillers per plant increased after double N compensation. During maturation stage, the panicle dry weigh in T1 (double N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage, after N deficiency at tillering stage) was higher than that in CK1 (constant supply of N throughout different stages of growth) and the biomass per plant in T1 increased by 1.47% compared with CK1. N contents in all organs, N accumulation, and total N content were all higher in T1 during maturation stage. Moreover, N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity were optimized for T1 and CK2 (constant N compensation at young panicle differentiation stage, after N deficiency at tillering stage) compared with CK1. This study contributes to the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the compensation of N deficiency in rice.

/pdf/response-to-nitrogen-deficiency-and-compensation-on-2kje8ehkm7.pdf

Response to Nitrogen Deficiency and Compensation on Physiological Characteristics, Yield Formation, and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice.

Improving grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and radiation use efficiency by dense planting, with delayed and reduced nitrogen application, in double cropping rice in South China

Increasing evidence shows that improved nitrogen management can enhance lodging resistance and lower internodes play a key role in the lodging resistance of rice. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced lodging resistance under improved nitrogen management. In the present study, two rice varieties, with contrasting lodging resistance, were grown under optimized N management (OPT) and farmers’ fertilizer practices. Under OPT, the lower internodes of both cultivars were shorter but the upper internodes were longer, while both culm diameter and wall thickness of lower internodes were dramatically increased. Microscopic examination showed that the culm wall of lower internodes under OPT contained more sclerenchyma cells beneath epidermis and vascular bundle sheath. The genome-wide gene expression profiling revealed that transcription of genes encoding cell wall loosening factors was down-regulated while transcription of genes participating in lignin and starch synthesis was up-regulated under OPT, resulting in inhibition of longitudinal growth, promotion in transverse growth of lower internodes and enhancement of lodging resistance. This is the first comprehensive report on the morpho-anatomical, mechanical, and molecular mechanisms of lodging resistance of rice under optimized N management.

/pdf/optimized-nitrogen-management-enhances-lodging-resistance-of-48sc8n5j3h.pdf

Optimized nitrogen management enhances lodging resistance of rice and its morpho-anatomical, mechanical, and molecular mechanisms.

The technical specification for the "Three Controls" nutrient management technology(TCNM) for irrigated rice was put forward in this paperThe TCNM technology consists of four parts,iethe determination of total fertilizer-N input,fertilizer-N timing and split rates at key growth stages,amount and timing of phosphorus and potassium requirement,and adoption of other crop management measures

Specification for the “Three Controls” nutrient management technology for irrigated rice

Four field experiments were conducted in four cropping seasons of two years(2004—2005) at Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,China and the effects of nitrogen application timing on grain yield,nitrogen uptake,and the recovery efficiency(RE),the agronomic efficiency(AE),the internal use efficiency(IE),the partial factor productivity(PFP) of fertilizer-nitrogen were investigated with Yueza 122,a two-line hybrid rice combination,as the material.The results showed that: a) Fertilizer-N applied at the early panicle differentiation(PD) and heading resulted in a grain yield increase in three out of four seasons,while N application as the basal or at tillering resulted in yield increase only in one of the four seasons.b) N application at PD and heading increased significantly the N uptake in all four seasons,while N application as the basal or at tillering did in only one season.For a given amount of fertilizer-N,RE and AE were greater when applied at PD and heading than as the basal or at tillering.c) The optimal N uptake increased with the number of sunshine hours during the grain-filling period.It is concluded that delaying the timing of fertilizer-N application by reducing N rate as the basal and/or at tillering and increasing N input at PD and heading are important to achieve a higher grain yield and N use efficiency for double-cropping hybrid rice in South China.

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Grain Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Hybrid Rice in South China

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Specification for the “Three Controls” nutrient management technology for irrigated rice

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Grain Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Hybrid Rice in South China