The use of TDZ for the efficient in vitro regeneration and organogenesis of strawberry and blueberry cultivars

During cold stress, soybean CBF/DREB1 transcript levels increase rapidly; however, expected downstream targets appear unresponsive. Here, we asked whether the ethylene signaling pathway, which is enhanced in the cold can negatively regulate the soybean CBF/DREB1 cold responsive pathway; thus contributing to the relatively poor cold tolerance of soybean. Inhibition of the ethylene signaling pathway resulted in a significant increase in GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1A;2 transcripts, while stimulation led to decreased GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1B;1 transcripts. A cold responsive reporter construct (AtRD29Aprom::GFP/GUS), as well as predicted downstream targets of soybean CBF/DREB1 [Glyma.12g015100 (ADH), Glyma.14g212200 (ubiquitin ligase), Glyma.05g186700 (AP2), and Glyma.19g014600 (CYP)] were impacted by the modulation of the ethylene signaling pathway. Photosynthetic parameters were affected by ethylene pathway stimulation, but only at control temperatures. Freezing tolerance (as measured by electrolyte leakage), free proline, and MDA; in both acclimated and non-acclimated plants were increased by silver nitrate but not by other ethylene pathway inhibitors. This work provides evidence that the ethylene signaling pathway, possibly through the action of EIN3, transcriptionally inhibits the CBF/DREB1 pathway in soybean.

/pdf/the-ethylene-signaling-pathway-negatively-impacts-cbf-dreb-4ocgvvvpx4.pdf

The Ethylene Signaling Pathway Negatively Impacts CBF/DREB-Regulated Cold Response in Soybean (Glycine max).

[Ag(isonicotinamide)2NO3]2, featuring a short Ag···Ag contact and a strong hydrogen-bonding network in the solid state, is a light-stable and still readily soluble form of silver nitrate, showing little complex formation in solution but a counter-intuitive decrease in dissolution rate with decrease of pH.

{Ag(isonicotinamide)2NO3}2 — a Stable Form of Silver Nitrate

Plant regeneration and transformation in vitro is often improved by adding silver ion (Ag+) to the culture media as AgNO3 or silver thiosulfate (STS). Ag+ reacts with substances to form insoluble precipitates, while thiosulfate (S2O3
 2−) interferes with these reactions. We studied the implications of silver precipitation and S2O3
 2− in the medium for culture development by (1) examining formation of Ag+ precipitates from AgNO3 versus STS in agar gels and their possible dependence on agar type; (2) comparing Corymbia maculata culture responses to AgNO3 and STS and determining which better suits control of culture development; (3) clarifying whether STS-dependent alterations in culture development are due to Ag+ alone or also to a separate influence of S2O3
 2−. Silver precipitates appeared in aqueous gels of four agar brands supplemented with AgNO3, but not in Phytagel™, which remained transparent. No precipitation was observed in gels with STS. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-mediated adventitious root induction and shoot growth were higher in C. maculata shoot tips cultured on gels with STS versus AgNO3 (6–25 μM Ag+). IBA-treated shoot tips exhibited enhanced adventitious root regeneration, accelerated root elongation, increased frequency of lateral root formation, and stimulated shoot growth mediated by 100–250 μM sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in medium without Ag+. The potency of S2O3
 2− in facilitating culture development has never been recognized. It is inferred that superiority of STS in stimulating multiple responses of C. maculata culture results from sustained biological activity of Ag+ through prevention of its precipitation, and from impact of S2O3
 2− on cell differentiation and growth.

Control of in vitro rooting and plant development in Corymbia maculata by silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate and thiosulfate ion

Hybrid nanomaterials have recently emerged as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis, serving as a host platform for enzyme immobilization. Enzyme immobilization in inorganic crystal nanoflowers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has sparked the bulk of scientific interest due to their superior performances. Many breakthroughs have been achieved recently in the preparation of various types of enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites. However, it is unfortunate that there are few reviews in the literature related to enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites and their improved synthesis strategies and their applications in biotechnology. In this review, innovative synthetic strategies for enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites are discussed. Enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites are reviewed in terms of biotechnological applications and potential research directions. We are convinced that a fundamental study and application of enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites will be understood by the reader as a result of this work. The summary of different synthetic strategies for enzyme@MOF composites and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites and the improvement of their synthetic strategies will also benefit the readers and provide ideas and thoughts in the future research process.

Enzyme hybrid nanoflowers and enzyme@metal-organic frameworks composites: fascinating hybrid nanobiocatalysts.

Efficient Immobilization of Enzymes on Amino Functionalized MIL-125-NH2 Metal Organic Framework

Response of Toyonoka strawberry to AgNO 3 was studied. Types and combinations of plant growth regulators had significant effects on shoot regeneration efficiency. Explants cultured for 10 days in shoot regeneration medium in the presence of AgNO 3 not only enhanced shoot regeneration efficiency but also expedited the initiation of adventitious buds. Highest regeneration (87.38%) and number of shoots per explant (11.67) were achieved in shoot regeneration media containing 1.5 mg.L -1 TDZ, 0.4 mg.L -1 IBA and 1.0 mg.L -1 AgNO 3 . Half-strength MS containing 1.0 mg.L -1 AgNO 3 was an optimum medium for rooting. AgNO 3 advanced root emergence and increased percent rooting, root length, dry weight and activity. Lower concentrations of AgNO 3 inhibited ethylene production and promoted shoot regeneration and growth. It had a significant stimulatory effect on chlorophyll, soluble protein contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased in the presence of AgNO 3 and reached maximum at 1.0 mg.L -1 AgNO 3 . Root water content, superoxide free radicals (O 2 . - ), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline accumulation and IAA-oxidase activity in leaves were increased while (IAA) content was decreased in the presence of AgNO 3 Chemical names used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ); thidiazuron (TDZ); N 6 -benzyladenine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA);α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); gibberellic acid (GA 3 ); bovine serum albumin (BSA); 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC).

/pdf/response-of-in-vitro-strawberry-to-silver-nitrate-agno3-4cniy5hmcm.pdf

Response of In Vitro Strawberry to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)

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Efficient Immobilization of Enzymes on Amino Functionalized MIL-125-NH2 Metal Organic Framework

Response of In Vitro Strawberry to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)